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esihlokweniKushicilelwe ngoDisemba 1, 2024I-7 min ifundeUmthombo wokuqala

Imibono Engalungile Eyingozi Ngokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokulutheka Iphikisiwe Ochwepheshe

Sicele ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezempilo kanye nokulutha ukuba baveze iqiniso ngezinye zezinto ezingaqondani kahle eziphathelene nokulutha kanye nokwelashwa kokuvuselelwa.

NguDkt. Nicolette Natale · Kubuyekezwe yi-Analytical QA Team (HPLC/GC-MS Standards · Est. 2015)

Imibono Engalungile Eyingozi Ngokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Iphikisiwe Ochwepheshe

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kanye nomphumela wokulutha abantu abayizigidi ezingu-64 emhlabeni wonke kodwa kuseyizinye zezifo ezingaqondakali kahle emphakathini.

Imibono eyiphutha efana nenkolelo yokuthi ukuyeka ukubhema kumane kuyindaba yamandla okuzimisela noma ukusebenzisa amalebula okuhlambalaza kwenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle. Lezi zinganekwane ziqhubekisela phambili ukubandlululwa, zihlukanise abantu, futhi zidale izithiyo zokululama.

Kulesi sihloko, siqoqe ulwazi oluvela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, bezempilo yengqondo, kanye nabezomthetho abaphambili ukuze sisuse ezinye zezinganekwane ezisakazeke kakhulu eziphathelene nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, umlutha, kanye nokululama . Ngokubhekana nale mibono eyiphutha, sithemba ukukhuthaza uzwela nokuqonda okukhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa futhi sibanikeze ukufinyelela ekwelashweni nasekusekelweni abakufanele.

1. Ukusebenzisa imithi kadokotela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela akunangozi yokuholela ekubeni umlutha

Kuyiphutha elivamile ukuthi ukulandela ukunikezwa kukadokotela kuqeda ingozi yokuba umlutha. Ngeshwa, akunjalo, njengoba kusho I-National Institute of Healthimithi efana nama-opioid kanye benzodiazepines, ezivame ukunqunyelwa ubuhlungu nokukhathazeka, zinamandla amakhulu okuthembela kuzo, ngisho noma zithathwa njengoba kuqondiswe.

Ukusebenzisa imithi kadokotela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela akuqedi ingozi yokuba umlutha. Nakuba ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela kunciphisa amathuba okuba umlutha, eminye imithi isengakha umkhuba ngisho noma ithathwa njengoba kuyalelwe. Izici ezifana nokuthambekela komuntu ngamunye, uhlobo lomuthi, kanye nobude bokusetshenziswa konke kudlala indima enkulu ekutheni umlutha ukhule.

Isibonelo, ama-opioid anqunyelwe ukulawula ubuhlungu ayaziwa ukuthi athwala ingozi enkulu yokulutha, ngisho noma esetshenziswa njengoba kuqondiswe. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-opioid kungaholela ekuthembeleni ngokomzimba nasekuluthekeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kulandelwa imithamo enqunyelwe. [18]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

Njengoba isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uDkt. Leslie Sanders esho, izici ezithile, njengokuthambekela komuntu ngamunye kanye nobude bokusetshenziswa, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ukuthembela. Ucwaningo ibophe izakhi zofuzo ezithile ekuthambekeni okukhulu kwe- ukuthuthukisa umlutha wama-opioidLokhu kusho ukuthi noma umuntu ephuza imithi yakhe njengoba eyalelwe, angase abe sengozini enkulu yokuncika emuthini ngokungazi.

Ukulutheka ngemithi kadokotela kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Njengoba ummeli u-Arja Shah esho, "Emsebenzini wami wezomthetho, ngibone amacala lapho amaklayenti abhekana khona namacala okusebenzisa i-DUI ngemuva kokuthembela emithini yobuhlungu enqunywe ngudokotela." Uphawula ukuthi ukulutheka kunganda ngokushesha kangakanani, ngisho nangokuqashwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngisho nokusebenzisa imithi kadokotela njengoba kuqondiswe kungabangela umlutha. Emsebenzini wami wezomthetho, ngibone amacala lapho amaklayenti abhekana khona namacala okusebenzisa i-DUI ngemuva kokuthembela emithini yobuhlungu enikezwe ngudokotela; ukuthembela kumithi kunganda ngokushesha, ngisho noma kuqondiswa udokotela. [19]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

U-Arja Shah

Ummeli

Ukuqapha imithi kadokotela eduze nokuhlola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma kungenzeka kubalulekile.

Ngisho noma isetshenziswa njengoba kuqondiswe, imithi kadokotela ingase ibe yingozi yokuba umlutha, ikakhulukazi ama-opioid nama-benzodiazepine. Ngibone iziguli zikhula ukuthembela kuzo naphezu kokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha, zigcizelela isidingo sokuqapha ngokucophelela kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukile. [20]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

2. Utshwala buphephile kunezinye izinto

Nakuba utshwala busemthethweni futhi buyamukelwa emphakathini, bubeka izingozi ezinkulu uma busetshenziswa kabi. Njengoba busemthethweni futhi kulula kakhulu ukubuthola, abantu abaningi bayabusebenzisa okuholela ekubeni abantu abaningi babe nenkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezintathu emhlabeni wonke bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlobene notshwala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, cishe abantu abayi-109,000 bayafa ngenxa yokweqisa ama-opioid minyaka yonke. Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala kungaholela ezifweni zesibindi, izifo zenhliziyo, kanye nokuhlukumezeka. [21]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

UDkt. Chad D. Elkin

MD, FASAM, ABIM, ABPM

Ukuba semthethweni kotshwala kanye nokwamukelwa komphakathi kuvame ukuholela enkolelweni engamanga yokuthi luphephile kunezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, njengoba uDkt. Chad D. Elkin egcizelela, utshwala bubangela ukufa kwezigidi zabantu minyaka yonke ngenxa yezimo ezifana nesifo sesibindi kanye nezingozi, kuyilapho abantu ababalelwa ku-100,000 kuphela abafa ngenxa yokweqisa ama-opioid minyaka yonke.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okulinganiselwe kungase kungabalimazi bonke abantu, umthelela wotshwala empilweni yomzimba neyengqondo ungaba mkhulu, okwenza isimo sawo "esiphephile" sibe yinganekwane kunokuba sibe ngokoqobo.

Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene lubonisa ukuthi utshwala bulumuthi olulula ukuwuthola kunezinye izidakamizwa futhi lufiseleka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izingozi ezihlobene nazo ziphansi kakhulu. Lokho kuyisivumelwano esicatshangelwe kahle, utshwala bubhekwa njengento ethinta ingqondo futhi butholakala kalula uma bungaba umlutha. Futhi buyimbangela yezinkinga zempilo nezingozi. Ukuhlola kabusha izimpikiswano eziphathelene notshwala kungashintsha isimo sengqondo somphakathi ngalo. [22]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

3. Umuntu kufanele asebenzise izidakamizwa nsuku zonke ukuze abe umlutha

Ukulutheka akuhlali kuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Ukulutheka kungabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile.

UDkt. Sanders uchaza ukuthi ukulutheka kumayelana nokulawula okungasebenzi kahle kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi kunokuvama. Uthi, Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulutheka kushintsha izifunda zobuchopho ezihlobene nomvuzo, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuzithiba, okuholela ekufiseni izidakamizwa okunamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuqhubekayo naphezu kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Abanye abantu abaluthayo abanenkinga yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa abakusebenzisi nsuku zonke, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo izidakamizwa kulawula izimpilo zabo.

Umbono wokuthi umuntu kufanele asebenzise izidakamizwa nsuku zonke ukuze abhekwe njengomlutha uwumbono ongalungile. Umlutha uyinkimbinkimbi, kanti ukuthembela kuwo kubonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukubheka nje ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kangaki kuwukwenza kube lula kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukulutheka kushintsha izifunda zobuchopho ezihlobene nomvuzo, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokuzithiba. Lezi zinguquko ziholela ekufiseni izidakamizwa kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuqhubekayo naphezu kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Abanye abantu abaluthayo abazisebenzisi nsuku zonke, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo izidakamizwa kulawula izimpilo zabo. [18]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

UDkt. Sanders uphawule ngesiguli esasisebenzisa i-heroin ngezimpelasonto kuphela, kodwa lapho eyisebenzisa, yayingakwazi ukulawula ukuphuza kwayo, izinsuku zayo zamasonto zazigcwele imicabango yokuyisebenzisa futhi, i-… kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo izidakamizwa kwaholela ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi wayo nabangane.

Ukuqonda umlutha njengento eyenzeka nsuku zonke kunokuba kube umkhuba wansuku zonke kungashintsha imibono yomphakathi futhi kukhuthaze ukungenelela kusenesikhathi.

Ngiye ngabhekana neziguli eziningi ezingase zingasebenzisi izidakamizwa nsuku zonke kodwa zisabonisa izimpawu zokuncika kuzo. Kodokotela bamathambo, abanye abadlali engibelaphe babesebenzisa imithi enqunywe udokotela kuphela ngesikhathi semicimbi noma ukuqeqeshwa kodwa bathuthukisa ukuthembela kwabo okuthinte ukusebenza kwabo kanye nempilo yabo. [23]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

4. Ukuzama izidakamizwa noma utshwala akunangozi

Ukuhlola izinto kungase kubonakale kungenangozi, kodwa ngisho nokusetshenziswa kokuqala kungaholela emiphumeleni ebalulekile.

Njengoba uDkt. Courtney Scott echaza, izinto zishintsha amakhemikhali obuchopho, okungenzeka kube yizona ezibeka isisekelo sokulutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ajabulisayo ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njenge-dopamine ne-serotonin, ondla umjikelezo wokulutha.

Kungaba yiphutha ukusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwento kungaba izidakamizwa, noma utshwala kuyisenzo esingenangozi nhlobo njengoba izingozi zihlala zikhona. Uma umuntu ezama izidakamizwa ezintsha okokuqala, kungabangela ushintsho kumakhemikhali obuchopho futhi umuntu uzoba nethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa amaphethini kanye nomkhuba onjalo omenza abe umlutha wawo. [22]

Umeluleki wezokwelapha

Ucwaningo Ucwaningo lwesayensi mayelana nendlela ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa okungahamba kabi ngayo entsheni luthole ukuthi ukungalingani ebuchosheni okubangelwa ukulawulwa okubuthakathaka kwabaphathi kanye nokufuna imivuzo okuphezulu kubeka intsha ethile engozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.

Lokho okuqala njengokuhlola okukodwa kungaba yindlela eyingozi kwabanye abasebenzisi, futhi ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi lokho kuzokwenzeka yini kuwe. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokugwema izidakamizwa ngokuphelele ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokuba nomlutha.

Ukuhlola kungaholela ekubeni umlutha noma eminye imiphumela emibi. Ingozi iyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nezakhi zofuzo kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ngisho nokuhlola okubonakala kungenangozi kungaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo. [24]
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