Tryptamine Psychedelics

ʻO nā hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me nā maʻi cardiometabolic

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa ʻo ia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me nā maʻi cardiometabolic. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ʻikepili mai ka National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005-2014), ua nānā ka haʻawina o kēia manawa i nā hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me ʻelua ʻano maʻi cardiometabolic: maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO nā mea pane i hōʻike i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kahi psychedelic maʻamau ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻokahi manawa i ko lākou ola ʻana, he haʻahaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi naʻau i ka makahiki i hala (aOR) = 0.77 (0.65–0.92), p = .006) a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi diabetes ma ka makahiki i hala (aOR) = 0.88 (0.78–0.99), p = .036). Pono paha ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau no ke olakino cardiometabolic, akā pono ka noiʻi hou aku e noiʻi i nā ala kumu kumu o nā psychedelics maʻamau i nā maʻi cardiometabolic.

Introduction

Ke alakaʻi nei nā maʻi cardiometabolic e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes hui kōkoʻolua i ke kaumaha honua o ka mai¹. ʻOiai ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona koʻikoʻi, a i ʻole hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻopanee a hoʻohuli paha i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi cardiometabolic.^2,3,4,5, ʻaʻohe haʻawina i noiʻi i kēia manawa i nā hopena cardiometabolic lōʻihi o nā psychedelics maʻamau, hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau a ma ke ʻano he papahana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā loli ola olakino.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo psychedelics maʻamau e pili ana i nā mea psychoactive i ʻike ʻia e hana ma ke ʻano he agonists i ka serotonin 2A receptors.⁶, i hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia i ʻekolu papa nui: tryptamines, lysergamides, a me phenethylamines⁷.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo nā tryptamines e komo pū me N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ka DMT-containing admixture ayahuasca, a me psilocybin; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ka papa lysergamide; a me nā phenethylamines me ka mescaline a me ka mescaline-containing cacti peyote a me San Pedro⁸.

Hōʻike nā hōʻike a hiki i kēia lā he kūlana koʻikoʻi ko nā psychedelics maʻamau a hiki ke hana maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana olakino.^6,9, akā, hōʻike ka noiʻi hou e loaʻa paha i nā psychedelics maʻamau nā hopena maikaʻi no nā ʻano maʻi kino, me nā maʻi cardiometabolic e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes.^10,11.

Nui nā ʻano hana e hiki ai i nā psychedelics maʻamau ke hoʻoikaika i ke olakino cardiometabolic. ʻO ka mea mua, hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki i nā psychedelics maʻamau ke hoʻoikaika i nā loli ola olakino e pili ana i kahi hopena maikaʻi i nā kumu pilikia cardiometabolic (e laʻa, ka meaʻai, ka inu ʻona a me ka ʻai paka, a me ka hoʻoikaika kino)¹¹.

ʻO ka lua, ua hōʻike ʻia nā psychedelics maʻamau i mālama ʻia i kahi kūlana palekana a kākoʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kūlana olakino e pili ana i nā maʻi cardiometabolic.^{12,13,14,15,16}.

ʻO ke kolu, loaʻa i nā psychedelics maʻamau ka waiwai anti-inflammatory a me ka immunomodulatory nui no ke olakino noʻonoʻo a me ka cardiometabolic.^17,18,19,20. ʻO ka hā, he pilina koʻikoʻi nā psychedelics maʻamau i nā subtypes receptor serotonin e pili ana me nā maʻi cardiometabolic (eg, serotonin 2A a me 2C receptors)^17,21. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hiki i nā psychedelics maʻamau ke loaʻa nā hopena pololei a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i ke olakino cardiometabolic maikaʻi aʻe.

Ua loaʻa i ka noiʻi mua nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka momona a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi hypertension i ka makahiki i hala.^22,23, ʻo ia nā kumu pilikia o ka maʻi cardiometabolic.

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005-2014), ʻo ka noiʻi o kēia manawa, no laila, ua ʻimi e noiʻi i nā hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me ʻelua ʻano o ka maʻi cardiometabolic: maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes. Ua manaʻo mākou e pili ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau i ke ola me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala.

Results

papaʻaina 1 hōʻike i ka pākēneka o nā mea pane e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka papa ʻaina, ʻo ka nui o ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala ma waena o ka poʻe pane i hoʻohana i kahi psychedelic maʻamau ma kahi o 51% a me 52%, kēlā me kēia, ma waena o nā mea pane i hoʻohana ʻole i kahi psychedelic maʻamau.

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka nui o ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala ma waena o ka poʻe pane i hoʻohana i ka tryptamine (DMT, ayahuasca, a i ʻole psilocybin) ma kahi o 45% a me 41%, kēlā me kēia, ma waena o nā mea pane i hoʻohana ʻole i ka tryptamine. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama kēia mau pilina i ka laulā o nā kumu hoʻohālikelike. Papa 1 Pākēneka o ka poʻe pane me ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. Nui piha papaʻaina

papaʻaina 2 hōʻike i nā hopena mai nā regressions i nā hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a me ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei, pili like ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau i ke ola me ka 23% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a me ka 12% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala.

Ma waena o nā papa nui ʻekolu o nā psychedelics maʻamau, ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka tryptamine ola, hoʻohana LSD ola, ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka phenethylamine ola i pili ʻokoʻa me ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala i ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona regression, ʻoiai ʻo ka hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tryptamine ola a me ʻO ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala ua hoʻokokoke i nā pae maʻamau o ke koʻikoʻi. Papa 2 Hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me nā maʻi cardiometabolic. Nui piha papaʻaina

kūkākūkā

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o kēia noiʻi noiʻi ʻāina e pili ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau i ke ola me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala, e hōʻike ana he pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau no ke olakino cardiometabolic. .

He mea hou nā mea i loaʻa a kūkulu ʻia ma luna o nā ʻike mua ma nā hui ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me nā hōʻailona like ʻole o ke olakino kino.^22,23,24, akā, aia kekahi mau palena i loko o ka hoʻolālā haʻawina e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hoʻolālā cross-sectional i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia haʻawina e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻohālikelike kumu.

Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona regression no kekahi mau mea hoʻohālikelike, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hui e nā ʻano huna huna ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka dataset a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia no (e laʻa, kahi kumu maʻamau e predisposes i ka poʻe pane i ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano hana ola olakino e pili ana i ke olakino cardiometabolic).

ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻohe ʻike i loko o ka dataset e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau, ka nui i hoʻohana ʻia, a i ʻole ka pinepine o ka hoʻohana. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka loiloi ke loiloi i ka pōʻaiapili, dosis, a i ʻole nā hui kikoʻī pinepine. ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "maʻi puʻuwai" e uhi ana i nā kūlana ākea a hiki i ka huaʻōlelo "diabetes" ke kuhikuhi i kekahi mau maʻi metabolic, me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a me ke ʻano 2. No laila, hiki i nā hui ke ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes.

Ua nui ka noiʻi ʻana i nā makahiki i hala e pili ana i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi cardiometabolic, me ka nui o nā hana hoʻolālā i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻemi i nā kumu pilikia o ke ola. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hopena lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau i ke olakino cardiometabolic.

Hōʻike nā mea i loaʻa i ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. Hōʻike ia i ka pono o ka noiʻi hou e noiʻi i nā ala kumu kumu o nā psychedelics maʻamau e pili ana i ke olakino cardiometabolic (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā loli o ka nohona, nā pōmaikaʻi olakino noʻonoʻo, nā ʻano anti-inflammatory a immunomodulatory, a me ka pili ʻana i nā subtypes receptors serotonin kikoʻī).

Nā Papahana

ʻIkepili a me ka heluna kanaka

ʻO ka National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) kahi noiʻi makahiki i hoʻolālā ʻia e ana i ka laha o ka hoʻohana lāʻau a me nā pilikia olakino noʻonoʻo ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻohana ka haʻawina i kēia manawa i ka ʻikepili i hui ʻia mai ka NSDUH survey makahiki 2005 a 2014, ʻo ia wale nō nā makahiki noiʻi me nā mea pili i ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala.

ʻOiai ua noiʻi ka noiʻi mua i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi puʻuwai a / a i ʻole ka maʻi kanesa i ka makahiki i hala (ke ana hui; p = 0.09)²³, ua nānā kēia haʻawina i nā hui kūʻokoʻa me ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. Loaʻa nā faila ʻikepili hoʻohana lehulehu i ka NSDUH ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao home: https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/study-series/national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh-nid13517.

Nānā

ʻO nā mea hoʻololi pili: (1) ua ʻōlelo ʻia e loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki i hala a (2) i ʻōlelo ʻia e loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala. Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa hilinaʻi ʻelua mai ka nīnau penei:

ʻO wai, inā kekahi, o kēia mau kūlana i haʻi aku ai ke kauka a i ʻole nā mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe iā ʻoe i loaʻa iā ʻoe i nā mahina he 12 i hala?

Kūlike me ka noiʻi mua²⁵, ʻO ka hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau i ke ola. ʻO nā mea pane e hōʻike ana ua hoʻohana lākou i ka DMT, ayahuasca, LSD, mescaline, peyote a i ʻole San Pedro, a i ʻole psilocybin i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia he maikaʻi no ka hoʻohana psychedelic maʻamau o ke ola, akā ʻo nā mea e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana i kekahi o kēia mau mea i helu ʻia. e like me ka hewa.

ʻO nā mea hoʻololi mana he mau makahiki i nā makahiki (18-25, 26-34, 35-49, 50-64, 65 aʻoi paha); ka wahine (kane a wahine paha); kūlana male (mare, hemo / kaʻawale, wahine kāne make, a i ʻole male ʻole); ʻano ʻano lāhui (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi lāhui, a i ʻole Hepanika); ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻohana makahiki (emi iho ma lalo o US$20,000, US$20,000–49,999, US$50,000–74,999, a i ʻole US$75,000 a ʻoi aku paha); ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao (papa ʻelima a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, papa ʻeono, papa ʻehiku, papa ʻewalu, papa ʻeiwa, papa ʻumi, papa ʻumikūmākahi, papa ʻumikūmālua, makahiki hou/13th, Sophomore/14th year or Junior/15th, Senior/16th year or Grad/ Kula Prof); ʻO ke komo ʻana i hōʻike ponoʻī iā ia iho i ka hana ʻino (ʻaʻole loa, kakaʻikahi, i kekahi manawa, a i ʻole mau); hoʻohana cocaine i ke ola; hoʻohana i ka marijuana ola; ola 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/ecstasy) hoʻohana; hoʻohana i ka phencyclidine ola (PCP); ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inhalants ola; hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoikaika ʻē aʻe i ke ola; hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ola; hoʻohana i nā mea hōʻeha ʻeha o ke ola; ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka no ke ola ʻole; hoʻohana i ka paka paipu no ke ola; ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paka i ke ola; hoʻohana paka i kēlā me kēia lā; a me nā makahiki o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka waiʻona (emi iho ma mua o 13 mau makahiki [Preteen], 13–19 makahiki [Teen], ʻoi aku ma mua o 19 makahiki [Pakeke], a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia). Ua helu ʻia nā ʻokoʻa hoʻomalu ma ke ʻano he covariates kaʻawale a ua like ia me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi noiʻi hou e nānā ana i nā makahiki noiʻi NSDUH like.²².

NānāʻIke Heluhelu

Ua hoʻohana mua ka haʻawina i kēia manawa i nā ʻikepili wehewehe e hōʻike i kahi ʻike o ka pili zero-order o ka hoʻohana psychedelic ola a me nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā tryptamines (DMT, ayahuasca, a i ʻole psilocybin), LSD, a me nā phenethylamines (mescaline, peyote, a i ʻole San Pedro) me ka maʻi puʻuwai ʻelua i ka makahiki i hala a me ka maʻi diabetes i ka makahiki i hala (Table 1). Ua nīnau hou ʻia kēia mau pilina pili ʻole me ka logistic regression, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka helu ʻana i nā ratio odds i hoʻololi ʻia me ka 95% o ka hilinaʻi a nānā i nā hui kūʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychedelic maʻamau a me nā maʻi cardiometabolic i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai no nā ʻano hoʻololi i helu ʻia ma luna nei. 2). Ua ho'ohana 'ia nā mea kaupaona i hā'awi 'ia e ka NSDUH. Ua helu ʻia ʻo “Bad Data”, “Don’t Know”, “Refused”, “Blank”. Ua hana ʻia nā loiloi me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Stata version 17²⁶.

ʻAe apono

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa he loiloi lua ia o nā faila ʻikepili i loaʻa i ka lehulehu a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka loiloi ʻia e ke Komite Ethics Research o ka Department of Sociology (DREC) ma ke Kulanui o Oxford.

Tryptamine Psychedelics