Tryptamine Psychedelics

Tryptamine Psychedelics

Likamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic le mafu a pelo

Sepheo sa thuto ea hajoale e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic le mafu a pelo. E sebelisa lintlha tse tsoang ho National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005-2014), phuputso ea hona joale e ile ea hlahloba likamano pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic bophelong bohle le mefuta e 'meli ea lefu la pelo: lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere.

Ba arabelang ba tlalehileng hore ba kile ba leka psychedelic ea khale bonyane hang bophelong ba bona ba bile le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.77 (0.65–0.92), p = .006) le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la tsoekere ho selemong se fetileng (karolelano ea litekanyo tse fetotsoeng (aOR) = 0.88 (0.78–0.99), p = .036). Tšebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic e ka ba molemo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba pelo, empa lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala ho fuputsa litsela tse ka bang teng tsa psychedelics tsa khale ho mafu a pelo.

Selelekela

Mafu a pelo a kang lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere a etella pele phehisa ho moroalo oa lefats'e oa maloetse¹. Leha kalafo ea meriana, phetoho e matla ea bophelo, kapa ka bobeli e ka liehisa kapa ea khutlisa nts'etsopele ea mafu a pelo^2,3,4,5, ha ho phuputso ho fihlela joale e kileng ea batlisisa liphello tsa nako e telele tsa lefu la pelo ea li-psychedelics tsa khale, tse ka 'nang tsa sebelisoa e le phekolo ea meriana le karolo ea lenaneo la ho thusa liphetoho tsa bophelo bo botle.

Poleloana ea khale ea psychedelics e bolela haholo lintho tsa psychoactive tse tsejoang e le agonists haholo-holo ho li-receptor tsa serotonin 2A.⁶, tseo hangata li arotsoeng ka lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo: tryptamine, lysergamides, le phenethylamines.⁷.

Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, li-tryptamine li kenyelletsa N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca e nang le DMT-containing, le psilocybin; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) e na le sehlopha sa lysergamide; 'me phenethylamines e kenyelletsa mescaline le mescaline e nang le cacti peyote le San Pedro.⁸.

Bopaki ho fihlela joale bo fana ka maikutlo a hore li-psychedelics tsa khale li na le boemo bo botle ba kotsi mme li ka sebetsa hantle kalafong ea maemo a 'maloa a bophelo bo botle ba kelello.^6,9, empa lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore li-psychedelics tsa khale le tsona li ka ba le liphello tse molemo bakeng sa maloetse a mangata a 'mele, ho akarelletsa le mafu a pelo a kang lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere.^10,11.

Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa eo ka eona li-psychedelics tsa khale li ka amang bophelo bo botle ba pelo. Taba ea pele, lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-psychedelics tsa khale li ka thusa liphetoho tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le phello e ntle maemong a kotsi a lefu la pelo (mohlala, lijo, tšebeliso ea joala le koae, le boikoetliso)¹¹.

Ea bobeli, li-psychedelics tsa khale tse tsamaisoang sebakeng se sireletsehileng le se tšehetsang li bontšitsoe ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello a amanang le mafu a pelo.^{12,13,14,15,16}.

Taba ea boraro, li-psychedelics tsa khale li na le thepa ea anti-inflammatory le immunomodulatory ea bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le pelo.^17,18,19,20. Ea bone, li-psychedelics tsa khale li na le kamano e phahameng le li-serotonin receptor subtypes tse amanang le mafu a pelo (mohlala, serotonin 2A le 2C receptors)^17,21. Ka kakaretso, li-psychedelics tsa khale li ka ba le litlamorao tse tobileng le tse sa tobang tse lebisang ho bophelo bo botle ba cardiometabolic.

Patlisiso e fetileng e fumane likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic le menyetla e tlase ea ho ba boima bo feteletseng kapa botenya hammoho le menyetla e tlase ea ho ba le khatello ea mali selemong se fetileng.^22,23, e leng mabaka a kotsi a lefu la cardiometabolic.

E sebelisa lintlha tse kopaneng tse tsoang ho Patlisiso ea Naha ea Ts'ebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Bophelo bo Botle (2005-2014), thuto ea hajoale, ka hona, e batlile ho batlisisa likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea kelello ea bophelo bohle le mefuta e 'meli ea lefu la pelo: lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere. Re hakantse hore tšebeliso ea bophelo bohle ea psychedelic e tla amahanngoa le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng hammoho le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng.

Results

Lethathamo 1 e bonts'a liperesente tsa ba arabetseng ba tlalehileng lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng. Joalo ka ha ho bonoa tafoleng, ho ata ha lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng har'a ba arabelitsoeng ba kileng ba sebelisa psychedelic ea khale e ne e batla e le 51% le 52%, ka ho latellana, har'a ba arabelitsoeng ba neng ba e-s'o sebelise psychedelic ea khale.

Ka ho hlakileng, ho ata ha lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng har'a ba arabelitsoeng ba kileng ba sebelisa tryptamine (DMT, ayahuasca, kapa psilocybin) hoo e ka bang 45% le 41%, ka ho latellana, ea ba arabelitsoeng ba e-s'o sebelise tryptamine. Leha ho le joalo, hoa hlokomeloa hore likamano tsena ha li laole mabaka a mangata a ka ferekanyang. Lethathamo la 1 Peresente ea ba arabetseng ba nang le lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng.Boholo bo felletseng tafoleng

Lethathamo 2 e fana ka liphetho tsa ho fokotseha ha likamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea khale ea kelello le lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng hammoho le lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka tlase, tšebeliso ea bophelo ea khale ea psychedelic e ne e amahanngoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng le 23% ea menyetla e tlase ea lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng le 12% ea maemo a tlase a lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng.

Har'a lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo tsa li-psychedelics tsa khale, ha ho tšebeliso ea tryptamine bophelong bohle, tšebeliso ea LSD ea bophelo bohle, kapa tšebeliso ea phenethylamine ea bophelo bohle e ne e amahanngoa ka ho khetheha le lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng ha ka nako e le 'ngoe e kenngoa mefuteng ea ho fokotseha, le hoja kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea tryptamine le bophelo bohle. lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng le ile la atamela maemo a tloaelehileng a bohlokoa. Table 2 Lifetime classic tshebediso ya psychedelic le cardiometabolic disease.Boholo bo felletseng tafoleng

Puisano

Liphetho tsa phuputso ea naha e thehiloeng lipatlisisong li bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso ea bophelo bohle ea psychedelic e amahanngoa le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng, e bonts'ang hore ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic e ka ba molemo bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba pelo. .

Liphuputso ke lipale tse ncha 'me li thehiloe holim'a liphuputso tse fetileng mabapi le likamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea khale ea kelello le matšoao a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle ba' mele.^22,23,24, empa ho na le likhaello tse 'maloa tse teng moralong oa thuto tse lokelang ho nahanoa. Taba ea pele, moralo oa likarolo tse fapaneng o sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale o lekanyetsa mabaka a bakang.

Mehlala ea khatello e laoloang bakeng sa batho ba 'maloa ba ka bakang pherekano, empa mekhatlo e kanna ea angoa ke mefuta e sa bonahaleng e neng e sa kenyelletsoa lethathamong la data mme e ne e sa khone ho laoloa bakeng sa (mohlala, ntho e tloaelehileng e behang ba arabelang tšebelisong ea khale ea kelello le eona e ka ba etsa mekhoa e metle ea bophelo e amanang le bophelo bo botle ba pelo).

Taba ea bobeli, ho ne ho se na tlhahisoleseling ho dataset mabapi le tšebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic, lethal dose le sebelisitsoeng, kapa khafetsa ts'ebeliso. Ka hona, tlhahlobo ha e khone ho lekola maemo, litekanyetso, kapa litšebelisano tse ikhethileng khafetsa. Ea boraro, lentsoe “lefu la pelo” le akaretsa maemo a mangata ’me lentsoe “lefu la tsoekere” le ka bolela mafu a ’maloa a amanang le metabolism, ho akarelletsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le oa mofuta oa 2. Ka hona, ho ka etsahala hore likamano li ka fapana ho ea ka mefuta ea lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere.

Ho bile le lipatlisiso tse batsi lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng mabapi le thibelo le kalafo ea mafu a pelo, ho kenyelletsa le mehato e mengata e felletseng e etselitsoeng ho fokotsa maemo a kotsi a bophelo. Leha ho le joalo litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa nako e telele tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic ho bophelo bo botle ba cardiometabolic li ntse li sa tsejoe haholo.

Liphuputso thutong ea hajoale li senola likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea kelello ea bophelo bohle le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng hammoho le menyetla e tlase ea lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng. E bonts'a tlhokeho ea lipatlisiso tse ling ho fuputsa mekhoa e ka bang teng ea li-psychedelics tsa khale mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba pelo (ke hore, liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa bophelo, melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, litšoaneleho tse khahlanong le ho ruruha le immunomodulatory, le kamano le li-subtypes tse itseng tsa serotonin receptors).

mekhoa

Lintlha le palo ea batho

Phuputso ea Naha ea Tšebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Bophelo bo Botle (NSDUH) ke phuputso ea selemo le selemo e etselitsoeng ho lekanya ho ata ha tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a bophelo ba kelello United States. Boithuto ba hona joale bo sebelisitse data e kopaneng ho tloha ho 2005 ho isa 2014 ea tlhahlobo ea NSDUH, e leng eona feela lilemo tsa lipatlisiso tse nang le lintho tse amanang le lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng.

Leha lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng li batlisisitse kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic le ho ba le lefu la pelo le / kapa mofets'e selemong se fetileng (tekanyo e kopaneng; p = 0.09)²³, thuto ena e ile ea hlahloba litloaelano tse ikhethang le lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng. Lifaele tsa data tse sebelisoang ke sechaba tsa NSDUH lia fumaneha leqepheng la bona la lapeng: https://www.datafiles.samhsa.gov/study-series/national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh-nid13517.

Mefuta-futa

Liphetoho tse itšetlehileng ka tsona e ne e le: (1) ho bolelloa hore o na le lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng le (2) ho bolelloa hore o na le lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng. Liphetoho ka bobeli li itšetlehile ka potso e latelang:

Ke efe, haeba e teng, ho maemo aa eo ngaka kapa setsebi se seng sa bongaka se u boleletseng hore u bile le eona likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng?

E lumellana le lipatlisiso tsa pele²⁵, phetoho e ikemetseng e ne e le tšebeliso ea khale ea psychedelic ea bophelo bohle. Ba arabelang ba tlaleha hore ba kile ba sebelisa DMT, ayahuasca, LSD, mescaline, peyote kapa San Pedro, kapa psilocybin, leha e le hang, ba kile ba sebelisa DMT, ayahuasca, LSD, mescaline, peyote kapa San Pedro, kapa psilocybin e le e ntle bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea bophelo bohle ba psychedelic, athe ba bonts'ang hore ha ba so ka ba sebelisa leha e le efe ea lintho tsena. joalo ka ha mpe.

Liphetoho tsa taolo e ne e le lilemo tsa lilemo (18-25, 26-34, 35-49, 50-64, 65 kapa ho feta); thobalano (e motona kapa e motšehali); boemo ba lenyalo (ba nyetseng, ba hladilweng/ba arohaneng, ba mohlolohadi, kapa ha ba eso nyale); ethnoracial identity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Asia, bao e seng Hispanic morabe o fetang o le mong, kapa Hispanic); letseno la selemo le selemo la lelapa (katlase ho US$20,000, US$20,000–49,999, US$50,000–74,999, kapa US$75,000 kapa ho feta); phihlello ea thuto (sehlopha sa bohlano kapa ka tlase ho moo, sehlopha sa botšelela, sehlopha sa bosupa, sehlopha sa robeli, sehlopha sa borobong, sehlopha sa leshome, sehlopha sa leshome le motso o mong, sehlopha sa leshome le metso e 'meli, selemo sa Freshman / 13th, selemo sa Sophomore / 14th kapa Junior / 15th, Senior / 16th year kapa Grad / Sekolo sa Prof); ho itlaleha ho kopanela boitšoarong bo kotsi (ha ho mohla, ka seoelo, ka linako tse ling, kapa kamehla); tšebeliso ea cocaine bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea matekoane bophelo bohle; bophelo bohle ba 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/ecstasy) tšebeliso; tšebeliso ea phencyclidine (PCP) bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea bophelo bohle ba inhalants; tšebeliso ea bophelo bohle ba li-stimulants; tšebeliso ea li-sedative tsa bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea li-painkiller bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea bophelo bohle ba koae e se nang mosi; tšebeliso ea koae ea lipeipi bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea cigar bophelo bohle; tšebeliso ea lisakerete bophelo bohle; le lilemo tsa ho sebelisa joala pele (ka tlase ho lilemo tse 13 [Preteen], 13-19 ea lilemo [Teen], ho feta lilemo tse 19 [Motho e Moholo], kapa ha ho mohla e kileng ea sebelisoa). Liphetoho tsa taolo li ne li ngotsoe e le li-covariate tse arohaneng 'me li ne li tšoana le tse sebelisitsoeng phuputsong ea morao-rao e hlahlobang lilemo tse tšoanang tsa tlhahlobo ea NSDUH.²².

Lipatlisiso tsa sethathamo

Boithuto ba hajoale bo sebelisitse lipalo-palo tse hlalosang ho fana ka kakaretso ea likamano tsa taelo ea zero tsa ts'ebeliso ea kelello ea bophelo bohle le likaroloana tsa ts'ebeliso ea bophelo bohle ea tryptamines (DMT, ayahuasca, kapa psilocybin), LSD, le phenethylamines (mescaline, peyote, kapa San Pedro) ka bobeli lefu la pelo selemong se fetileng le lefu la tsoekere selemong se fetileng (Letlapa 1). Likamano tsena tsa taelo ea zero li ile tsa hlongoa lipotso ho ea pele ka ho fokotseha ha lintho, tse neng li sebelisetsoa ho bala likhahla tse fetotsoeng ka nako ea kholiseho ea liperesente tse 95 le ho hlahloba likamano tse ikhethileng lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea khale ea kelello le mafu a pelo ha ho ntse ho lokisoa bakeng sa mefuta ea taolo e thathamisitsoeng kaholimo (Letlapa. 2). Litlhahlobo tse sebelisitsoeng boima bo fanoeng ke NSDUH. “Boitsebiso bo Bobe”, “Ha ke Tsebe”, “Hanne”, “Sekheo” li ne li ngotsoe e le boleng bo sieo. Litlhahlobo li entsoe ho sebelisoa mofuta oa 17 oa Stata²⁶.

Ho amohela tumellano

Phuputso ea morao-rao e ne e le tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea lifaele tsa data tse fumanehang phatlalatsa 'me e ile ea lokolloa ho hlahlojoa ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Lipatlisiso ea Lefapha la Sociology (DREC) Univesithing ea Oxford.