Iingqondo zengqondo ezisemthethweni 2021 USA

psychedelics zomthetho 2021 usa — I-Psychedelics esemthethweni yowama-2021 e-USA 1

Eli nqaku lenziwe ngenxa yophando oluvela Umthetho weCalyx, i Phuma Iqela, kunye Psilocybin Alpha.

As Ii-psychedelics njenge-LSD, i-ayahuasca, kunye "namakhowa omlingo" zibuyela ngokukhawuleza kwincoko kawonkewonke, imibuzo embalwa elula iza emva kokuxoxa ngokubakho kwezi zinto ekunyangeni iintlobo ezininzi zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo:

Contents

Yintoni i-Psychedelics?
Ngaba i-Psychedelics isemthethweni e-US?
Zivunyelwe phi ii-Psychedelics e-US?
Ziphi ii-Psychedelics ezithathelwa ingqalelo ngokusemthethweni?

Yima, Yintoni i-Psychedelics?

Igama elithi "Psychedelic" ligama elibanzi elibandakanya izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo ezonwabela ukurhoxiswa kolwaphulo-mthetho okanye "unyanzeliso lomthetho olukwinqanaba eliphantsi" kwiindawo ezithile kwilizwe jikelele.

I-Psychedelics idla ngokuchazwa njengeziyobisi ezikwazi ukuvelisa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zokuqonda.

Ngelixa kukho amakhulu ezinto zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa ezinokuthi ziwele kwinkcazo jikelele "yeziyobisi eziguqula ingqondo," uninzi lwabantu lubhekisa kwezinye iikhompawundi ngakumbi xa bethetha nge-psychedelics:

LSD, okanye i-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. Amagama ezitalato: iasidi, tyheli.
Psilocybin, ikhompawundi eveliswa ngokwemvelo ngamakhowa ePsilocybe. Amagama ezitalato: amakhowa omlingo, iishrooms.
UMescaline, ngokwemvelo ifunyenwe kwiPeyote kunye neSan Pedro cacti.
DMT, okanye i-dimethyltryptamine, i-compound efunyenwe kwi-ayahuasca, i-Amazonian concoction yendabuko esetyenziswa kwizithethe ze-shamanic.
Ibogaine, eveliswa ngokwemvelo sisityalo iboga, isihlahla esihlala eNtshona Afrika.
5-MeO-DMT, i-toxin ye-psychedelic eyenziwa yi-Sonoran Desert Frog kunye nezinye izityalo. Igama lesitrato: ityhefu yexoxo.
MDMA. Le “empathogen” inokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengechiza lodidi olwahlukileyo “kwi-psychedelics yakudala” edweliswe ngasentla, kodwa ihlala ibekwe ngokwamaqela kule nkcazelo. Amagama ezitalato: ecstasy, molly.

Ngaba i-Psychedelics isemthethweni e-US?

Njengomgaqo jikelele zonke izinto ezidweliswe ngasentla zithathwa njengezinto zeShedyuli 1 ngurhulumente wobumbano kwaye ke ngoko akukho mthethweni ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa, ukuphatha okanye ukutya ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso esikhethekileyo sikarhulumente.

Nangona icwangcisiwe, nganye kwezi zinto ngoku iphantsi kophando lweklinikhi kwaye uninzi lulindeleke ukuba luvunywe kwiminyaka ezayo njengamayeza engqondo kwizalathisi ezithile zempilo yengqondo.

Okwangoku, amanye amagunya ase-US agqithise umthetho onciphisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwezinye izinto zengqondo, ezivumela ukusetyenziswa nokuba neemali ezincinci zala machiza.

Ngaphandle: Ityala leKetamine

I-Ketamine iyisiyobisi se-dissociative esavunywa ekuqaleni njenge-anesthetic kwi-1970. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iziphumo zayo ezinjenge-psychedelic-like zafunyanwa ukuvelisa ukunciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba.

Ngelixa i-ketamine ivunyiwe ngokusemthethweni njenge-anesthetic, oogqirha bavunyelwe ukuba bayibhale ngaphandle kweleyibhile yonyango lokudakumba kunye nezinye iziphazamiso zengqondo.

Oku kubeke i-ketamine phambili kwintshukumo ye-psychedelics, njengeyeza elimiselweyo elinokulawulwa ngokusemthethweni kwiiklinikhi phantsi kweliso logqirha.

Zivunyelwe phi ii-Psychedelics e-US?

usebenzisa I-Psilocybin Alpha's Psychedelic Legalization & Decriminalization Tracker, siqulunqe uluhlu lwamagunya ase-US apho i-psychedelics ivumelekile.

Oregon

NgoNovemba 2020, I-Oregon yaba lilizwe lokuqala lase-US ukuphelisa izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho kuzo zonke iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezibandakanya i-cocaine, i-heroin, i-oxycodone kunye ne-methamphetamine, kunye nayo yonke into ye-psychedelic efana ne-LSD, i-psilocybin, kunye ne-MDMA.

Ukufumana imali encinci yezi zinto kwenziwa ukuphulwa kweKlasi E, endaweni ye-misdemeanor. Oku kunciphisa izohlwayo ukuya kwisohlwayo se-100 yeedola okanye ukhetho lokubhalisela elinye lamaziko karhulumente “aMaziko oKulutha kunye nokuBuyisa kwakhona.”

Ukongeza, kwivoti efanayo ka-2020, i-Oregoni ivotele ukusungula inkqubo yokusetyenziswa konyango lwe-psilocybin, isenza inkqubo yonyango yokuqala yelizwe enelayisensi yepsilocybin.

Inkqubo, okwangoku ekuphuhlisweni, iya kuvumela abaguli abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-21 ukuba bathenge, babe, kwaye basebenzise i-psilocybin phantsi kweliso labaququzeleli abaqeqeshiweyo, ngelixa ukuveliswa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-psilocybin kuya kuvunyelwa kwiindawo eziphantsi kolawulo, ezinelayisensi.

California: ISanta Cruz kunye ne-Oakland

Ngelixa ilizwe laseCarlifonia lisasivalela iimolekyuli ze-psychedelic ezicwangcisiweyo, izixeko ezibini ngaphakathi kwemida yazo zigqithise izisombululo ezithintela isixeko ekuchitheni izixhobo ekubekeni izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokusetyenziswa nokuba nezityalo ze-entheogenic kunye nomngundo.

Kuzo zombini Santa Cruz kunye ne-Oakland, ukusetyenziswa komntu, ukuba nazo, kunye nokulinywa kwezityalo ezifana ne-iboga, i-mescaline cacti, izithako kwi-ayahuasca kunye namakhowa e-psilocybin zihlelwa phakathi kwezinto eziphambili zokuthotyelwa komthetho. E-Oakland, ukuthenga, ukuthutha, kunye nokuhambisa ezi psychedelics zendalo ziwela kudidi olufanayo.

District of Columbia

Amanyathelo afanayo adluliselwa eWashington DC, apho izityalo ze-psychedelic kunye nefungi iye yagwetywa ngoNovemba ka-2020.

"Ukutyala, ukulinywa, ukuthenga, ukuthutha, ukuhambisa, ukuzibandakanya kunye, kunye / okanye ukuba nezityalo ze-entheogenic kunye nefungi" zithathwa njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokunyanzeliswa kwe-DC Metropolitan Police, ukuvala uphando kunye nokubanjwa kwabantu iminyaka eyi-18. ubudala okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zenzo.

EColorado: Denver

I-Denver yaba ligunya lokuqala lase-US ukunciphisa izohlwayo kumakhowa e-psilocybin ngoMeyi ka-2019. Amakhowa e-Psilocybin aphakathi “kweyona nto iphambili yokunyanzeliswa komthetho,” ethintela ukuthotyelwa komthetho ekusebenziseni imali yedolophu yaseDenver ngokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nokuba nazo ezi fungi.

EMichigan: uAnn Arbor

UAnn Arbor okwangoku isixeko kuphela kwi-American Midwest apho ukulima, ukuthenga, ukuthutha, ukuhambisa, ukwenza izinto kunye, okanye ukuba ne-psychedelics yendalo akwenziwa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Izityalo ze-Entheogenic okanye iikhompawundi zezityalo, ezikwiShedyuli ye-Federal 1 "ziiprayorithi zokunyanzeliswa komthetho," oku kuthetha ukuba "imali yesixeko okanye izixhobo aziyi kusetyenziswa kulo naluphi na uphando, ukuvalelwa, ukubanjwa, okanye ukutshutshiswa" kwaye igqwetha lesithili kufuneka "Yeka ukutshutshiswa kwabantu ababandakanyeka kusetyenziso lwezityalo ze-entheogenic okanye iikhompawundi ezisekwe kwizityalo."

EMassachusetts: Somerville, Cambridge, naseNorthampton

NgoJanuwari 2021, idolophu yaseBoston Somerville upasise umthetho apho kungasayi kusetyenziselwa “mali yesixeko okanye izibonelelo” “ukuncedisa ekunyanzeliseni imithetho ebeka izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokusetyenziswa nokuba nezityalo ze-entheogenic ngabantu abadala.”

Kungekudala emva koko, izixeko ezingabamelwane ze eCambridge naseNorthampton wamkele umthetho ofanayo, othi “uphando nokubanjelwa kwabantu abadala ukutyala, ukulima, ukuthenga, ukuthutha, ukusasaza, ukusebenzelana, kunye/okanye nokuba nezityalo ze-entheogenic kuya kuba phakathi kweyona njongo iphantsi yonyanzeliso lomthetho” iGqwetha leSithili ukuba liyeke ukutshutshisa abantu ababandakanyekayo kwezi zenzo.

Ziphi ii-Psychedelics ezithathelwa ingqalelo ngokusemthethweni?

Umthetho we-Federal obonisa ukuba izinto zengqondo zingasebenzi njengomthetho awubonakali uphezulu ngaphandle kokuvunywa kwezinto ezithile ze-psychedelic kusetyenziso lwezonyango ngokusebenzisa umbhobho wolingo lwezonyango lwe-FDA.

Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, u-Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez iphinde yazisa isilungiso ukususa imiqobo ye-federal ukuphanda amandla onyango lwezinto ze-psychedelic. Umlinganiselo wawunjalo yaliwe ngokubanzi yiNdlu, nangona inkxaso yomgangatho ikhule ukusuka ekuqalisweni kwangaphambili komlinganiselo ofanayo kwi-2019.

kunjalo, amazwe aliqela ase-US asanda kudlula umthetho obiza uphando malunga neemolekyuli ze-psychedelic. Amanye amazwe aneebhili kwinkongolo ezinokumisela amanyathelo angaphezulu malunga nokusemthethweni kwengqondo.

ECalifornia, kuqwalaselwa umthetho oyilwayo oza kususa izohlwayo zokufumana, ukusetyenziswa komntu, kunye nokwabelana ngokwentlalo ngamachiza athile endalo kunye ne-synthetic psychoactive abandakanya i-psilocybin, i-DMT, i-ibogaine, i-mescaline, i-LSD, i-ketamine, kunye ne-MDMA.

Ityala uphumelele ivoti yeSenethi kwaye okwangoku kwindlela eya kumgangatho weNdibano. Kwi udliwano-ndlebe lwakutsha nje noBenzinga, USenni Scott Wiener, umxhasi ophambili webhili, uthe uvumelana nokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kweziyobisi kwaye eli nyathelo linyathelo lokuqala ukuya kolo sukelo.

In 2021, Connecticut kwaye Texas amatyala avunyiweyo owasungula amaqela asebenzayo ukuba afunde ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango kwe-psilocybin. E-Texas, i-MDMA kunye ne-Ketamine nazo zifundelwa injongo enye, kunye namagqala omkhosi njengeqela ekujoliswe kulo kolu nyango.

Isisombululo esifanayo sokufunda amandla onyango e-psilocybin saziswa eHawaii, apho i-senate bill eyohlukileyo yokuhlenga-hlengisa i-psilocybin nayo iphantsi koqwalaselo. Kwintetho, USenator waseHawaii uStanley Chang usixelele ukuba injongo yebhili kukususa i-psilocybin kunye ne-psilocin kuluhlu lwezinto zeShedyuli I kwaye ifuna iSebe lezeMpilo laseHawaii ukuba limisele amaziko onyango olawulo lwezonyango lwale khompawundi.

Amanyathelo abandakanya ukuchaswa kwe-psychedelics aye aziswa kwinani lezinye izindlu zowiso-mthetho, kuquka neFlorida, apho i-psilocybin billization bill yafa kwi-senate. E-Illinois, umthetho oyilwayo wokukhulula izithintelo kwizityalo ze-entheogenic waziswa kodwa awuzange ufikelele kwivoti yomgangatho.

Iowa, iMaine, iMissouri, iVermont, kunye neNew York okwangoku ineebhili ezisebenzayo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yazo ezinokuzisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo olwaphulo-mthetho kwizinto ezithile zengqondo. Kwi-Empire State, umthetho oyilwayo owaziswa ngu-Assemblywoman uLinda Rosenthal yayiza kuseka iziko lophando lwe-psychedelic kunye neprogram yophando lonyango lokufunda kunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zengqondo.

Njengoko abatyali-mali, amaziko enzululwazi, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi lukhula ngakumbi ulwazi kunye nomdla kwikhono lonyango lwe-psychedelics, amazwe amaninzi kunye namagunya alindeleke ukuba akhuphe amanye amatyala kunye neentshukumo zomthetho eziza kuvula ngethemba ukufikelela kwii-psychedelics ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke.

I-Psychedelics yomthetho 2021 USA