Iimpembelelo zeChiza zamakhowa kwiBuchopho
Iimpembelelo zeChiza zamakhowa kwiBuchopho
Imibono. Imifanekiso ecacileyo. Izandi ezibukhali. Ukuzazi ngakumbi.
Ezo ziziphumo zophawu olunxulunyaniswa nawona machiza mane aziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele. I-Ayahuasca, i-DMT, i-MDMA, kunye namakhowa e-psilocybin bonke banokuthatha abasebenzisi ngokukhwela ingqondo yasendle enokuthi ivule iingqondo zabo kwaye ijule uxhulumaniso lwabo kwihlabathi lomoya. Ayizizo zonke iihambo ezenziwe zalingana, nangona-ukuba urhabula ayahuasca, ukuphakama kwakho kungahlala iiyure ezimbalwa. Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa i-DMT, loo buzz iya kuhlala ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-20.
Sekunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubude obuphezulu, i-classic psychedelics inamandla. Uphononongo lokucinga ngengqondo lubonise ukuba omane amachiza aneziphumo ezinzulu kumsebenzi we-neural. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kuncinci ngelixa uphantsi kweempembelelo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukwazi ngcono ukuvakalelwa. Kwaye uthungelwano kwingqondo yakho luqhagamshelwe ngakumbi, oluvumela imeko ephezulu yokuqonda kunye nokuhlola.
Ezi zibonelelo zengqondo ziye zakhokelela abaphandi ukuba bacebise ukuba i-psychedelics ingaba lunyango olusebenzayo lonyango. Ngapha koko, izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba omane amachiza, ngandlel’ ithile okanye enye, anamandla okunyanga ukudakumba, ukuxhalaba, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala, umlutha, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Ngokuvula ingqondo, ithiyori iyahamba, abantu abaphantsi kweempembelelo zengqondo banokujamelana neentlungu zabo ezidlulileyo okanye ukuziphatha okuzonakalisayo ngaphandle kokuhlazeka okanye ukwesaba. Abakho bundisholo ngokweemvakalelo; kunokuba, banenjongo ngakumbi.
Kakade ke, ezi zinto azikho ngaphandle kwemiphumo yazo. Kodwa uphando lwangoku ubuncinane lubonisa ukuba i-ayahuasca, i-DMT, i-MDMA, kunye namakhowa e-psilocybin anamandla okutshintsha indlela oogqirha abanokunyanga ngayo ukugula kwengqondo - ngakumbi abo baxhathisa unyango. Izifundo ezinzulu ngakumbi ziyafuneka ukuqonda iziphumo zazo ngqo kwingqondo yomntu, kodwa into esiyaziyo ngoku iyathembisa. Apha, jonga ukuba ichiza ngalinye liyichaphazela njani ingqondo yakho – kwaye lisetyenziswa njani ukuze kuxhamle thina.
Ayahuasca
I-Ayahuasca yiti yakudala esekwe kwisityalo ephuma kwindibaniselwano yomdiliya Banisteriopsis caapi namagqabi esityalo Ingqondo yengqondo Viridis. AmaShaman aseAmazon kudala asebenzisa ayahuasca ukunyanga ukugula kunye nokungena kwihlabathi lomoya. Amanye amaqela onqulo eBrazil asebenzisa utywala obunxilisayo njengomthendeleko wonqulo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abantu abaqhelekileyo baye baqala ukusebenzisa i-ayahuasca ukuze bazazi ngakumbi.
Kungenxa yokuba ii-brain scans zibonise ukuba i-ayahuasca yonyusa umsebenzi we-neural kwi-brain cortex ebonakalayo, kunye nenkqubo yayo ye-limbic - ummandla onzulu ngaphakathi kwe-lobe yesikhashana ephakathi enoxanduva lokucubungula iinkumbulo kunye neemvakalelo. I-Ayahuasca inokuthulisa inethiwekhi yemowudi engagqibekanga yengqondo, ethi, xa isebenza kakhulu, ibangele uxinzelelo, ixhala kunye ne-social phobia, ngokwevidiyo ekhutshwe kulo nyaka uphelileyo lijelo leYouTube iAsapSCIENCE. Abo bayidlayo baphela bekwimo yokucamngca.
"I-Ayahuasca ibangela ukuba abantu babe namava anentsingiselo," utshilo uGqr. Jordi Riba, umphandi ohamba phambili we-ayahuasca. “Kuqhelekile ukuba neenkumbulo ezichukumisekileyo ngokweemvakalelo, eziziibhayoloji ezithi qatha engqondweni njengemibono, azifani nezo sizifumana silele.”
Ngokutsho kweRiba, abantu abasebenzisa i-ayahuasca bafumana uhambo olunokuthi "luqine kakhulu" kuxhomekeke kwidosi esetyenzisiweyo. Iziphumo zengqondo ziza emva kwemizuzu engama-45 kwaye zibethe incopho yazo kwiyure okanye ezimbini; ngokwasemzimbeni, eyona nto imbi umntu aya kuziva sisicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, utshilo uRiba. Ngokungafaniyo neLSD okanye amakhowa e-psilocybin, abantu abaphezulu kwi-ayahuasca bayazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba bajonge. Koku kukhubeka ngokuzimela okukhokelele abantu ukuba basebenzise i-ayahuasca njengendlela yokoyisa umlutha kunye nokujongana nemiba ebuhlungu. URiba kunye neqela lakhe lophando kwiSibhedlele do Sant Pau e-Barcelona, eSpain, baye baqala "izilingo ezinzima zeklinikhi" usebenzisa i-ayahuasca yokunyanga ukudakumba; ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iyeza elisekelwe kwisityalo liye laboniswa ukunciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba kwizigulane ezinganyangekiyo kunyango, kunye nokuvelisa "isiphumo esichasayo esigcinwa iiveki," utshilo uRiba, oye wafunda ichiza ngenkxaso evela kuBeckley. Isiseko, itanki yokucinga esekwe e-UK.
Iqela lakhe ngoku lifunda inqanaba lasemva kweziphumo ze-ayahuasca - into abayibize ngokuba "kukukhanya emva kokukhanya." Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bafumanise ukuba, ngeli xesha “emva kokukhanya”, imimandla yobuchopho enxulunyaniswa nemvakalelo yobuqu inonxibelelwano olunamandla kwezinye iindawo ezilawula iinkumbulo kunye neemvakalelo. Ngokutsho kweRiba, ngeli xesha ingqondo ivuleleke ngakumbi kwi-psychotherapeutic intervention, ngoko ke iqela lophando lisebenza ukubandakanya inani elincinci leeseshoni ze-ayahuasca kwi- mindfulness psychotherapy.
"Olu tshintsho lusebenzayo luhambelana nokwanda 'kokuqonda' amandla," utshilo uRiba. "Sikholelwa ukuba i-synergy phakathi kwamava ayahuasca kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwengqondo kuya kukhulisa izinga lokuphumelela lokungenelela kwengqondo."
I-DMT
I-Ayahuasca kunye ne-compound N,N-Dimethyltryptamine – okanye i-DMT – ziqhagamshelwe ngokusondeleyo. I-DMT ikhona kumagqabi esityalo Ingqondo yengqondo Viridis kwaye unoxanduva i hallucinations ayahuasca abasebenzisi amava. I-DMT isondele kwisakhiwo kwi-melatonin kunye ne-serotonin kwaye ineempawu ezifana ne-psychedelic compounds ezifumaneka kumakhowa omlingo kunye ne-LSD.
Ukuba ithathwa ngomlomo, i-DMT ayinayo imiphumo yangempela emzimbeni kuba i-enzyme yesisu iphula i-compound ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ke Banisteriopsis caapi iidiliya ezisetyenziswa kwi-ayahuasca zivimba ezo enzymes, ezibangela ukuba i-DMT ingene egazini lakho kwaye ihambe iye kwingqondo yakho. I-DMT, njengamanye amachiza e-psychedelic eklasikhi, ichaphazela ingqondo ye-serotonin receptors, uphando olubonisayo guqula imvakalelo, umbono, kunye nemvo yemfezeko yomzimba. Ngamanye amazwi: ukuhambo olunye lwesihogo.
Uninzi lwento eyaziwayo malunga ne-DMT ibulela kuGqr Rick Strassman, owaqala ukupapasha uphando olusisiseko malunga neyeza le-psychedelic. kumashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokutsho kwe-Strassman, i-DMT yenye yee-compounds kuphela ezinokuwela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo - udonga lwe-membrane olwahlula igazi elijikelezayo kwingqondo ye-extracellular fluid kwinkqubo ye-nervous central. Ukukwazi kwe-DMT ukuwela ezi zahlulo kuthetha ukuba ikhompawundi "ibonakala iyinxalenye eyimfuneko ye-physiology yengqondo yesiqhelo," utshilo uStrassman, umbhali weencwadi ezimbini ze-quintessential kwi-psychedelic, DMT: IMolekyuli yoMoya kwaye DMT kunye noMphefumlo weSiprofetho.
“Ingqondo izisa izinto kuphela kwimixokelelwane yayo isebenzisa amandla okuhambisa izinto ngaphaya komqobo wengqondo-yengqondo yezondlo, engakwaziyo ukuzenzela yona-izinto ezifana neswekile yegazi okanye iswekile,” uqhube watsho. "I-DMT yahlukile ngaloo ndlela, kuba ingqondo ichitha amandla ukuze ifike kwindawo yayo."
I-DMT yenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni womntu kwaye ikhona ngakumbi emiphungeni. UStrassman uthi inokufunyanwa nakwi-pineal gland-indawo encinci yobuchopho eyayanyaniswa “neliso lesithathu” lengqondo. Imiphumo ye-DMT esebenzayo kakhulu, xa ifakwe nge-ayahuasca, inokuhlala iiyure. Kodwa ithathwe ngokwayo - oko kukuthi, ukutshaya okanye ukujova - kwaye ukuphakama kwakho kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, ngokutsho kukaStrassman.
Nangona lufutshane, uhambo oluvela kwi-DMT lunokuba lukhulu, ngakumbi kunezinye ii-psychedelics, uStrassman uthi. Abasebenzisi kwi-DMT baye babika amava afanayo nalawo ayahuasca: Ingqondo enkulu yokuzimela, imifanekiso ecacileyo kunye nezandi, kunye nokuzazi ngokujulile. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-Strassman iphakamise ukuba i-DMT isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sonyango ukunyanga ukudakumba, ukuxhalaba, kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, kunye nokunceda ngokuziphucula kunye nokufumanisa. Kodwa izifundo ze-DMT zinqabile, ngoko ke kunzima ukwazi ubungakanani obupheleleyo bezibonelelo zonyango.
“Akukho uphando oluninzi nge-DMT kwaye kufuneka ifundwe ngakumbi,” utshilo uStrassman.
MDMA
Ngokungafaniyo ne-DMT, i-MDMA ayisiyiyo i-psychedelic eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Ichiza - ngenye indlela elibizwa ngokuba yi-molly okanye i-ecstasy - ngumxube wokwenziwa odumileyo phakathi kweerave kunye nabantwana beklabhu. Abantu banokukhupha i-MDMA njenge-capsule, ithebhulethi, okanye ipilisi. Ichiza (maxa wambi libizwa ngokuba yi-ecstasy okanye i-molly) libangela ukukhululwa kwee-neurotransmitters ezintathu eziphambili: i-serotonin, i-dopamine, kunye ne-norepinephrine. Ichiza lokwenziwa likwanyusa amanqanaba ehomoni i-oxytocin kunye neprolactin, okukhokelela kwimvakalelo yokonwaba kwaye ungathintelwa. Esona siphumo sibalulekileyo se-MDMA kukukhutshwa kwe-serotonin ngobuninzi, ethi ikhuphe amandla obuchopho – nto leyo enokuthetha iintsuku zokudakumba emva kokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukucinga ngengqondo kuye kwabonisa ukuba i-MDMA ibangela ukwehla komsebenzi kwi-amygdala - ummandla wengqondo onjenge-almond obona izisongelo kunye noloyiko-kunye nokwanda kwe-prefrontal cortex, ethathwa njengeziko eliphezulu lokucubungula ingqondo. Uphando oluqhubekayo malunga neziyobisi zengqondo kunye neziphumo kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo ze-neural ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-MDMA ivumela ukuguquguquka okungakumbi ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abakhubeka kwiyeza banokucoca iimvakalelo kunye nokuphendula ngaphandle kokuba "babambelele kwiindlela zakudala zokucubungula," ngokutsho UGqr Michael Mithoefer, ofunde i-MDMA ngokubanzi.
“Abantu abafane bonganyelwe lixhala kwaye bakwazi ngcono ukwenza amava… ngaphandle kokuba ndindisholo kwiimvakalelo,” utshilo.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-US Food and Drug Administration inike abaphandi imvume yokuqhubela phambili nezicwangciso zolingo olukhulu lweklinikhi ukuhlola iziphumo zokusebenzisa i-MDMA njengonyango lwe-post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). U-Mithoefer wayejongene nezilingo zesigaba sesibini - exhaswa yi-Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), i-American nonprofit yasekwa phakathi kwe-1980s - eyazisa isigqibo se-FDA. Ngethuba lokufunda, abantu abaphila ne-PTSD bakwazi ukujongana nokuxhatshazwa kwabo ngaphandle kokuhoxiswa kwiimvakalelo zabo ngelixa bephantsi kwempembelelo ye-MDMA ngenxa yentsebenziswano enzima phakathi kwe-amygdala kunye ne-prefrontal cortex. Ekubeni isigaba sesibini solingo sineziphumo ezinamandla, Utshilo uMthoefer Stone Rolling ngoDisemba ukuba ulindele ukuba i-FDA ivume izicwangciso zesigaba sesithathu ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Ngelixa uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-MDMA kunyango lwe-PTSD luthembisa, u-Mithoefer ulumkisa ukuba iyeza lingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo yonyango, njengoko liphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubushushu bomzimba kunye ne-pulse, kwaye libangela isicaphucaphu, ukuxinezeleka kwemisipha, ukwanda kokutya, ukubila, ukugodola. , nokungaboni kakuhle. I-MDMA isenokukhokelela ekubeni umntu aphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukusilela kwentliziyo, ukungasebenzi kwezintso, nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga. Ukuba umntu okwi-MDMA akaseli amanzi aneleyo okanye unemeko yezempilo ephantsi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubeka ubomi esichengeni.
Psilocybin amakhowa
Amakhowa omnye i-psychedelic enembali ende yokusetyenziswa kwimibhiyozo yezempilo kunye nokuphilisa, ngakumbi kwilizwe laseMpuma. Abantu abakhubeka kwii-shrooms baya kuba nemibono ecacileyo kwisithuba seyure yokuginya, enkosi kukonakala komzimba kwe-psilocybin, isithako sengqondo esenzeke ngokwendalo esifumaneka kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zamakhowa.
Uphando oluphuma kwiKholeji yase-Imperial yaseLondon, epapashwe kwi-2014, yafumanisa ukuba i-psilocybin, i-serotonin receptor, ibangela unxibelelwano olunamandla phakathi kweengxenye zengqondo eziqhele ukuqhawula omnye komnye. Izazinzulu eziphonononga iskena sobuchopho se-fMRI sabantu abatyile i-psilocybin kunye nabantu abathathe indawo ye-placebo bafumanise ukuba amakhowa omlingo abangela ipateni eyahlukileyo yokunxibelelana ebuchotsheni ekhoyo kuphela kwimeko ye-hallucinogenic. Kule meko, ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokunyanzelwa okuncinci kunye nokunxibelelana ngakumbi; ngokutsho kwabaphandi abavela kwiKholeji yase-Imperial yaseLondon, olu hlobo lomsebenzi wengqondo we-psilocybin iyafana nento ebonwa ngamaphupha kunye nokwandiswa kweemvakalelo.
“Olu nxibelelwano lunamandla lunoxanduva lokudala imeko yokuqonda eyahlukileyo,” utshilo uGqr. "Iziyobisi ze-Psychedelic yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuqonda ukusebenza kwengqondo eqhelekileyo."
Uphando olukhulayo lunokungqina ukuba amakhowa omlingo ayasebenza ekunyangeni uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Ngokufana ne-ayahuasca, ubuchopho bubonisiwe ukuba i-psilocybin inokucinezela umsebenzi kuthungelwano lwemowudi engagqibekanga yengqondo, kwaye abantu abakhubekayo 'kwigumbi lokuhlambela baye baxela ukuba bafumana "inqanaba eliphezulu lolonwabo kunye nokuba ngowehlabathi," ngokutsho kweNgcali. Ngenxa yoko, a Uphononongo olupapashwe kunyaka ophelileyo kwijenali yezonyango yase-UK Lancet yafumanisa ukuba idosi ephezulu yamakhowa yanciphisa iimpawu zokudakumba kwizigulane ezinganyangekiyo kunyango.
Kwaesi sifundo sinye saphawula ukuba i-psilocybin inokunyanga ixhala, ukuba likhoboka, kunye nokuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokunyusa imo. Kwaye olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba psilocybin inokunciphisa impendulo yoloyiko kwiimpuku, ebonisa amandla echiza njengonyango lwePTSD.
Ngaphandle kwezi ziphumo ezilungileyo, uphando kwi-psychedelics lulinganiselwe, kunye nokutya amakhowa omlingo uyeza kunye nemingcipheko ethile. Abantu abakhubeka kwi-psilocybin banokufumana i-paranoia okanye ilahleko epheleleyo ye-self-identity, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ego dissolution, ngokutsho kweNgcali. Impendulo yabo kwiyeza le-hallucinogenic nayo iya kuxhomekeka kwimekobume yabo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Amakhowa omlingo kufuneka adliwe ngokuqaphela kuba umphumo omuhle okanye ongalunganga kumsebenzisi "unokuba "nzulu (kwaye ungalawulwa) kwaye uhlala ixesha elide," kusho iNgcali. "Asiyiqondi kakuhle indlela esemva kwempembelelo yengqondo ye-psychedelics, kwaye ke ayinakho ipesenti ye-100 yokulawula amava e-psychedelic."
Ukulungiswa: Eli nqaku lihlaziywe ukucacisa oko Umsebenzi kaDkt Jordi Riba uxhaswa yi-Beckley Foundation, kungekhona i-MAPS.
