Yiziphi izinyathelo zendlela yesayensi

Abacwaningi baziphenya kanjani izenzakalo ezingokwengqondo? Basebenzisa inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi indlela yesayensi ukutadisha izici ezihlukahlukene zendlela abantu abacabanga futhi baziphathe ngayo. Le nqubo ayivumeli kuphela ososayensi ukuthi baphenye futhi baqonde izigigaba ezehlukene ezingokwengqondo kodwa futhi inikeza abacwaningi nabanye indlela yokwabelana nokuxoxa ngemiphumela yocwaningo lwabo.

Ithini Indlela Yesayensi?

Iyini isayensi indlela futhi isetshenziswa kanjani kupsychology? Indlela yesayensi empeleni iyinqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo abacwaningi abangayilandela ukuze banqume ukuthi ingabe kukhona uhlobo oluthile lobudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili noma ngaphezulu.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nabanye ososayensi bezenhlalo bavame ukuhlongoza izincazelo zokuziphatha komuntu. Ezingeni elingakahleleki, abantu benza izinqumo mayelana nezinhloso, izisusa, kanye nezenzo zabanye nsuku zonke.

Nakuba izahlulelo zansuku zonke esizenzayo mayelana nokuziphatha komuntu zivumelana nezimo futhi zine-anecdotal, abacwaningi basebenzisa indlela yesayensi ukuze bafunde i-psychology ngendlela enenjongo nehlelekile. Imiphumela yalezi zifundo ivame ukubikwa emithonjeni yezindaba edumile, okuholela abaningi ukuba bazibuze ukuthi abacwaningi bafike kanjani eziphethweni abazenzile noma kungani.

Ukuze uqonde ngempela ukuthi izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nabanye abacwaningi bafinyelela kanjani kulezi ziphetho, udinga ukwazi okwengeziwe ngenqubo yocwaningo esetshenziselwa ukutadisha isayensi yezengqondo kanye nezinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa noma yiluphi uhlobo locwaningo lwezengqondo. Ngokwazi izinyathelo zendlela yesayensi, ungaqonda kangcono inqubo abacwaningi abadlula kuyo ukuze ufinyelele eziphethweni mayelana nokuziphatha komuntu.

Izizathu Zokusebenzisa Izinyathelo Zendlela Yesayensi

The imigomo yezifundo zengqondo kungukuchaza, ukuchaza, ukubikezela futhi mhlawumbe kube nomthelela enqubweni yengqondo noma ukuziphatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zisebenzisa indlela yesayensi ukwenza ucwaningo lwezengqondo. Indlela yesayensi iyisethi yezimiso nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa abacwaningi ukuthuthukisa imibuzo, ukuqoqa idatha, nokufinyelela eziphethweni.

Yiziphi izinjongo zocwaningo lwesayensi kupsychology? Abacwaningi abafuni kuphela ukuchaza ukuziphatha nokuchaza ukuthi kungani lokhu kuziphatha kwenzeka; futhi balwela ukwenza ucwaningo olungasetshenziswa ukubikezela ngisho nokushintsha ukuziphatha komuntu.

Imigomo Ebalulekile Okufanele Uzazi

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlola izinyathelo zendlela yesayensi, kunamagama athile ayisihluthulelo nezincazelo okufanele uzazi kahle.

I-hypothesis: Ukuqagela okufundile mayelana nobudlelwano obungaba khona phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili noma ngaphezulu.
eliguqukayo: Isici noma isici esingashintsha ngezindlela ezibonakalayo nezilinganisekayo.
Incazelo Yokusebenza: Incazelo egcwele yokuthi okuguquguqukayo kuchazwa kanjani, ukuthi kuzophathwa kanjani, nokuthi kuzokalwa kanjani.

Izinyathelo Zendlela Yesayensi

Nakuba izifundo zocwaningo zingahluka, lezi yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nososayensi lapho bephenya ngokuziphatha komuntu.

Isinyathelo 1. Bheka

Ngaphambi kokuba umcwaningi aqale, kufanele akhethe isihloko azosifunda. Uma indawo ethakaselwayo isikhethiwe, abacwaningi kufanele-ke benze ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezincwadi ezikhona ngale ndaba. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kuzohlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi yini eseyifundiwe ngesihloko nokuthi yimiphi imibuzo esazophendulwa.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kungase kuhlanganise ukubheka inani elikhulu lezinto ezibhaliwe ezivela kokubili izincwadi namajenali ezemfundo asukela emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ulwazi olufanele oluqoqwe umcwaningi luzokwethulwa esigabeni sesingeniso semiphumela yokugcina yocwaningo eshicilelwe. Lokhu kwaziswa okungemuva kuzosiza futhi umcwaningi ngesinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu sokwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo - ukwakha inkolelo-mbono.

Isinyathelo 2. Buza Umbuzo

Uma umcwaningi esebone okuthile futhi wazuza ulwazi oluthile ngesihloko, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukubuza umbuzo. Umcwaningi uzokwakha i-hypothesis, okuwukuqagela okufundile mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili noma ngaphezulu

Isibonelo, umcwaningi angase abuze umbuzo mayelana nobudlelwane phakathi kokulala nokusebenza kwezemfundo. Ingabe abafundi abalala kakhulu benza kangcono ezivivinyweni esikoleni?

Ukuze wakhe i-hypothesis enhle, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngemibuzo ehlukene ongase ube nayo ngesihloko esithile. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukuthi ungaziphenya kanjani izimbangela. Ukungamanga kuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi i-hypothesis evumelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, uma i-hypothesis ingamanga, kudingeka kube nendlela yokuthi ososayensi babonise ukuthi ingamanga.

Isinyathelo sesi-3. Hlola i-hypothesis yakho bese uqoqa idatha

Uma usunombono oqinile, isinyathelo esilandelayo sendlela yesayensi ukubeka lesi silingo esivivinyweni ngokuqoqa idatha. Izindlela eziqondile ezisetshenziselwa ukuphenya i-hypothesis zincike ngqo kulokho okufundwayo. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zocwaningo isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esingase sisebenzise - ucwaningo oluchazayo noma ucwaningo lokuhlola.

Ucwaningo oluchazayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa lapho kuzoba nzima noma kungenzeki nhlobo ukukhohlisa okuguquguqukayo okukhulunywa ngakho. Izibonelo zocwaningo oluchazayo zifaka phakathi izifundo eziyisibonelo, ukubhekwa kwemvelo, kanye nezifundo zokuhlobana. Izinhlolovo zefoni ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngabakhangisi ziyisibonelo esisodwa socwaningo oluchazayo.

Izifundo zokuxhumanisa zivame kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-psychology. Nakuba zingabavumeli abacwaningi ukuthi banqume imbangela-nomphumela, benza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kanye nokukala amandla alabo budlelwano.

Ucwaningo lokuhlola isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela phakathi kokuguquguquka okubili noma ngaphezulu. Lolu hlobo locwaningo lubandakanya ukukhohlisa ngendlela ehlelekile ukwahluka okuzimele bese ikala umphumela enawo ku-defined okuguqukayo okuthembekile. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zale ndlela ukuthi ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi banqume ukuthi ngabe izinguquko kokuguquguqukayo okukodwa zenza izinguquko kwenye.

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo zivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi, a isilingo esilula iyisisekelo kodwa ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi banqume ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela phakathi kokuguquguqukayo. Izivivinyo eziningi ezilula zisebenzisa a ukulawula iqembu (labo abangakutholi ukwelashwa) kanye ne iqembu lokuhlola (labo abathola ukwelashwa).

Isinyathelo sesi-4. Hlola imiphumela bese udweba iziphetho

Uma umcwaningi eseluklame ucwaningo futhi waqoqa idatha, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola lolu lwazi futhi afinyelele iziphetho ngalokho okutholakele. Ukusebenzisa izibalo, abacwaningi bangafingqa idatha, bahlaziye imiphumela, futhi bafinyelele iziphetho ngokusekelwe kulobu bufakazi.

Ngakho umcwaningi unquma kanjani ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo isho ukuthini? Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuhlaziya izibalo kungakwazi ukusekela (noma ukuphikisa) umbono womcwaningi; ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukunquma ukuthi okutholakele kubalulekile yini ngokwezibalo.

Uma imiphumela kuthiwa ibalulekile ngokwezibalo, kusho ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi le miphumela ivele ngenhlanhla.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kubuka, abacwaningi kufanele banqume ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kuzosekela i-hypothesis, kodwa kwezinye izimo, kuzohluleka ukusekela umbono.

Pho kwenzekani uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwengqondo ingawusekeli umbono womcwaningi? Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi isifundo besingasizi ngalutho? Ngenxa yokuthi okutholakele kuyehluleka ukusekela inkolelo-mbono akusho ukuthi ucwaningo alusizo noma alunalwazi. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olunjalo ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ososayensi bathuthukise imibuzo emisha kanye nemibono okumele bayihlole esikhathini esizayo.

Ngemva kokwenziwa kweziphetho, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwabelana ngemiphumela nawo wonke umphakathi wesayensi. Lena yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo ngoba inikela kusisekelo solwazi sisonke futhi ingasiza abanye ososayensi bathole izindlela ezintsha zocwaningo abangazihlola.

Isinyathelo 5. Bika Imiphumela

Isinyathelo sokugcina ocwaningweni lwe-psychology ukubika lokho okutholakele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokubhala incazelo yocwaningo nokushicilela indatshana kujenali yezemfundo noma yobungcweti. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwezengqondo ingabonakala kumajenali abuyekezwe ngontanga njenga Bulletin yengqondo, lo I-Journal of Social Psychology, I-Psychology yentuthuko, nabanye abaningi.

Isakhiwo sendatshana yejenali silandela ifomethi ethile eshiwo yi- I-American Psychological Association (APA). Kulezi zihloko, abacwaningi:

Nikeza ngomlando omfushane nesizinda socwaningo lwangaphambilini
Veza i-hypothesis yabo
Khomba ukuthi obani ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni nokuthi bakhethwa kanjani
Nikeza izincazelo zokusebenza kokuguquguquka ngakunye
Chaza izinyathelo nezinqubo ezisetshenzisiwe ukuqoqa idatha
Chaza ukuthi ulwazi oluqoqiwe lwahlaziywa kanjani
Xoxa ngokuthi isho ukuthini imiphumela

Kungani irekhodi elinemininingwane enjalo locwaningo lwezengqondo libaluleke kangaka? Ngokuchaza ngokucacile izinyathelo nezinqubo ezisetshenziswe kulo lonke ucwaningo, abanye abacwaningi bangakwazi ke phindaphinda Imiphumela. Inqubo yokuhlela esetshenziswa amajenali ezemfundo nawengcweti iqinisekisa ukuthi isihloko ngasinye esithunyelwayo sibuyekezwa ngontanga, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucwaningo lunengqondo ngokwesayensi.

Uma selushicilelwe, ucwaningo luba olunye ucezu lwendida ekhona yesisekelo sethu solwazi kuleso sihloko.

Yiziphi Izinyathelo Zendlela Yesayensi