Ilimin halin dan Adam na doka 2021 Amurka

Legal ilimin halin dan Adam 2021 Amurka

Wannan labarin ya yiwu godiya ga bincike daga Dokar Calyx, da Ƙungiya mai tasowa, da Psilocybin Alpha.

As mahaukatan kwakwalwa kamar LSD, ayahuasca, da kuma “namomin sihiri” sun dawo cikin gaggawa cikin tattaunawar jama’a, wasu tambayoyi masu sauƙi sun taso bayan tattaunawa game da yuwuwar waɗannan abubuwa a cikin magance nau'ikan cututtukan tabin hankali:

Contents

1. Menene Psychedelics?
2. Shin Psychedelics Halal ne a Amurka?
3. A ina Ana Ba da izinin Likitoci A Amurka?
4. A ina ake la'akari da masu ilimin halin ɗan adam don halasta?

Jira, Menene Masanin Ilimin Halitta?

"Psychedelic" kalma ce mai fa'ida wacce ta ƙunshi ƴan abubuwa daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu suna jin daɗin yanke hukunci ko "ƙananan tilasta bin doka" a wasu yankuna na ƙasar.

Yawanci ana kwatanta masu ilimin hauka a matsayin magungunan da ke da ikon samar da jihohin wayewar da ba na yau da kullun ba.

Duk da yake akwai daruruwan abubuwa na halitta da na roba waɗanda zasu iya fada cikin ma'anar "magungunan da ke canza tunani," yawancin mutane suna komawa zuwa wasu mahadi musamman lokacin da suke magana akan masu ilimin hauka:

• LSD, ko Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. Sunan titi: acid, rawaya mai laushi.
• Psilocybin, wani fili da namomin kaza na Psilocybe ke samarwa ta halitta. Sunayen titi: namomin sihiri, shrooms.
• Mescaline, ana samuwa a cikin Peyote da San Pedro cacti.
• DMT, ko dimethyltryptamine, wani fili ne da ake samu a cikin ayahuasca, ƙwanƙolin gargajiya na Amazonian da ake amfani da shi a cikin al'adun shamanic.
• Ibogaine, da halitta ta hanyar iboga shuka, wani shrub ɗan asalin Afirka ta Yamma.
• 5-MeO-DMT, wani guba mai guba wanda Sonoran Desert Frog ya samar da wasu tsire-tsire. Sunan titi: dafin toad.
• MDMA. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan “empathogen” magani ne na nau'i daban-daban daga “masu ilimin halin ɗabi’a” da aka jera a sama, amma galibi ana haɗa su cikin wannan ma’anar. Sunan titi: ecstasy, molly.

Shin Psychedelics Halal ne a Amurka?

Matsayi na ƙa'ida, duk abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama ana ɗaukar su Jadawalin 1 abubuwa na gwamnatin tarayya don haka haramun ne don samarwa, siyarwa, mallaka ko cinyewa ba tare da izini na musamman na gwamnati ba.

Ko da yake an tsara shi, kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan a halin yanzu yana ƙarƙashin bincike na asibiti kuma ana sa ran za a amince da yawancin su a cikin shekaru masu zuwa azaman maganin tabin hankali don takamaiman alamun lafiyar kwakwalwa.

A halin da ake ciki, wasu hukunce-hukuncen Amurka sun zartar da dokar rage tilasta bin doka da oda na wasu abubuwa masu tabin hankali, da ba da damar amfani da kuma mallakar kananan adadin wadannan magunguna.

Banda: Matsalar Ketamine

Ketamine magani ne mai rarrabawa wanda aka amince da shi azaman maganin sa barci a cikin 1970. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an gano tasirinsa kamar na tabin hankali don samar da raguwar alamun damuwa.

Yayin da ketamine kawai aka yarda a hukumance azaman maganin sa barci, ana ba da izinin likitoci su rubuta ta a kashe-lakabin don maganin ɓacin rai da sauran cututtukan tunani.

Wannan ya sanya ketamine a sahun gaba na motsi na psychedelics, a matsayin maganin da za a iya rubutawa wanda za a iya ba da shi bisa doka a asibitoci karkashin kulawar likita.

A ina Ana Ba da izinin Likitoci A Amurka?

Amfani Psilocybin Alpha's Legalization Psychedelic & Decriminalization Tracker, mun tattara jerin hukunce-hukuncen Amurka inda aka yarda da masu tabin hankali.

Oregon

A watan Nuwamba 2020, Oregon ya zama jihar Amurka ta farko da ta kawar da hukuncin laifuka ga duk haramtattun kwayoyi da suka hada da hodar iblis, tabar heroin, oxycodone da methamphetamine, da duk wani abu na hauka kamar LSD, psilocybin, da MDMA.

Mallakar ƙananan waɗannan abubuwan an sanya su cin zarafi na Class E, maimakon kuskure. Wannan yana rage hukunce-hukunce zuwa tarar $100 ko zaɓi don yin rajista a ɗaya daga cikin “Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiyar Jiha.”

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan zaɓe na 2020 mutanen Oregon sun kada kuri'a don ƙaddamar da wani shiri don amfani da magani na psilocybin, ƙirƙirar tsarin maganin taimakon psilocybin mai lasisi na farko na ƙasar.

Shirin, a halin yanzu yana ci gaba, zai ba da damar marasa lafiya fiye da shekaru 21 su saya, mallaka, da kuma amfani da psilocybin karkashin kulawar kwararrun masu gudanarwa, yayin da za a ba da izinin kera, bayarwa, da sarrafa psilocybin a wuraren kulawa, masu lasisi.

California: Santa Cruz da Oakland

Yayin da jihar California har yanzu ta sanya dokar hana wasu kwayoyin halitta masu tabin hankali, biranen biyu da ke kan iyakokinta sun zartar da kudurin hana birnin kashe kudade wajen zartar da hukuncin laifuka na amfani da mallakar tsiro da fungi.

A cikin duka Santa Cruz da Oakland, amfani da mutum, mallaka, da kuma noman shuke-shuke kamar iboga, mescaline cacti, sinadaran da ke cikin ayahuasca da kuma namomin kaza na psilocybin suna cikin mafi ƙasƙanci fifikon tilasta bin doka. A Oakland, siye, jigilar kaya, da rarraba waɗannan masu ilimin halin ɗabi'a sun faɗi cikin nau'i ɗaya.

District of Columbia

An zartar da irin wannan matakan a Washington DC, inda tsire-tsire masu tabin hankali da fungi ya zama yanke hukunci a watan Nuwamba 2020.

"Dasa shuki ba kasuwanci ba, noma, siye, jigilar kaya, rarrabawa, shiga cikin ayyuka tare da, da / ko mallakin tsire-tsire da fungi" ana ɗaukarsu "mafi ƙanƙanta fifikon tilasta aiwatarwa" ta 'yan sanda na DC Metropolitan, hana bincike da kama mutane 18 shekaru. shekaru ko tsufa don waɗannan ayyukan.

Colorado: Denver

Denver ya zama ikon farko na Amurka don rage azabtarwa akan namomin kaza na psilocybin a watan Mayu 2019. Psilocybin namomin kaza suna cikin "mafi ƙarancin fifikon tilasta bin doka," yana hana jami'an tsaro yin amfani da kuɗin birni na Denver don aikata laifuka na sirri da kuma mallakar waɗannan fungi.

Michigan: Ann Arbor

Ann Arbor a halin yanzu kawai birni a cikin Amurka Midwest inda noma, siye, jigilar kaya, rarrabawa, yin ayyuka tare da, ko mallakin ilimin halin ɗabi'a shine ba laifi ba.

Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, waɗanda ke kan Jadawalin Tarayya 1 sune "mafi ƙarancin fifikon tilasta bin doka," ma'ana cewa "ba za a yi amfani da kuɗaɗen birni ko albarkatu ba a kowane bincike, tsarewa, kamawa, ko tuhuma" kuma dole ne lauyan gundumar. "Dakatar da tuhumar mutanen da ke da hannu a amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko mahaɗan tushen shuka."

Massachusetts: Somerville, Cambridge, da Northampton

A cikin Janairu 2021, yankin Boston na Somerville zartar da wata doka Inda ba za a yi amfani da "kuɗin birni ko albarkatu" don taimakawa a aiwatar da dokokin da ke zartar da hukunci mai laifi don amfani da mallakar tsire-tsire ta manya.

Ba da da ewa bayan, makwabta garuruwa na Cambridge da Northampton An amince da wannan doka, wadda ta ce "bincike da kama manyan mutane don shuka, noma, siya, sufuri, rarrabawa, yin ayyuka tare da, da / ko mallakar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za su kasance daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci fifikon tilasta bin doka," yana kira ga Lauyan gundumar ya dakatar da gurfanar da mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin wadannan ayyuka.

A ina ake la'akari da masu ilimin halin ɗan adam don halasta?

Dokokin tarayya da ke hukunta abubuwan hauka ba su bayyana a kan gaba ba duk da amincewar takamaiman abubuwan hauka don amfanin likita ta bututun gwajin asibiti na FDA.

A ƙarshen Yuli, Wakilin Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez sake gabatar da gyara don cire shingen tarayya don bincika yiwuwar warkewa na abubuwan psychedelic. Ma'aunin ya kasance Majalisar ta yi watsi da shi sosai, kodayake tallafin bene ya girma daga gabatarwar da ta gabata na ma'auni iri ɗaya a cikin 2019.

Duk da haka, Jihohin Amurka da yawa kwanan nan sun zartar da dokar da ke buƙatar yin bincike game da ƙwayoyin mahaukata. Sauran jihohi suna da takardar kudi a majalisa waɗanda za su iya ƙaddamar da ƙarin matakan game da halayya ta tabin hankali.

A California, ana yin la'akari da lissafin da zai cire hukunci don mallaka, amfani da mutum, da raba zamantakewar wasu magunguna na dabi'a da na dabi'a da suka hada da psilocybin, DMT, ibogaine, mescaline, LSD, ketamine, da MDMA.

Shajin ya kada kuri'ar majalisar dattawa kuma a halin yanzu kan hanya zuwa zauren Majalisar. A cikin hira kwanan nan da Benzinga, Sen. Scott Wiener, babban mai tallafa wa lissafin, ya ce yana goyon bayan yanke hukunci kan muggan kwayoyi kuma wannan matakin shi ne mataki na farko zuwa wannan buri.

A shekarar 2021, Connecticut da kuma Lissafin da aka amince da Texas wanda ya ƙaddamar da ƙungiyoyin aiki don nazarin amfani da magani na psilocybin. A Texas, ana kuma nazarin MDMA da Ketamine don wannan manufa, tare da tsofaffin sojoji a matsayin babban ƙungiyar da ake nufi da waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.

An gabatar da wani kuduri makamancin wannan na yin nazarin yuwuwar warkewa na psilocybin a Hawaii, inda ake kuma duba wani kuduri na daban na majalisar dattawa don sake tsara psilocybin. A cikin hira, Sanata Stanley Chang ya gaya mana cewa makasudin lissafin shine cire psilocybin da psilocin daga jerin abubuwan Jadawalin I kuma suna buƙatar Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Hawaii ta kafa cibiyoyin jiyya don kula da lafiyar waɗannan mahadi.

An kuma gabatar da matakan da suka shafi yanke hukuncin kisa a wasu majalisun dokokin jihohi, ciki har da Florida, inda wani kudirin doka na psilocybin ya mutu a majalisar dattawa. A Illinois, an gabatar da lissafin don sassauta hane-hane akan tsire-tsire na entheogenic amma ba a taɓa sanya shi zuwa ƙuri'ar bene ba.

Iowa, Maine, Missouri, Vermont, da New York a halin yanzu suna da kudirin doka a majalisarsu wanda zai iya kawo matakai daban-daban na yanke hukunci ga wasu abubuwan hauka. A cikin Empire State, daftarin doka da 'yar majalisa Linda Rosenthal ta gabatar zai kafa cibiyar bincike kan mahaukata da kuma shirin bincike na warkewa don yin nazari da ba da shawarwari kan amfani da abubuwan hauka.

Yayin da masu saka hannun jari, cibiyoyin kimiyya, da sauran jama'a ke kara samun ilimi da sha'awar karfin maganin masu tabin hankali, ana sa ran karin jihohi da hukunce-hukuncen da za su fitar da wasu kudirori da sauye-sauye na doka wadanda da fatan za su bude damar yin amfani da ilimin tabin hankali ta hanyoyi daban-daban a fadin kasar.

Ilimin halin dan Adam na doka 2021 Amurka