Illar Maganin Naman kaza Akan Kwakwalwa

Illar Maganin Naman kaza Akan Kwakwalwa

Hallucinations. Hotuna masu haske. Sauti masu tsanani. Babban sanin kai.

Waɗannan su ne alamun tasirin da ke da alaƙa da shahararrun magunguna huɗu na duniya. Ayahuasca, DMT, MDMA, da namomin kaza na psilocybin duk zasu iya ɗaukar masu amfani ta hanyar tafiya mai karkatar da hankali wanda zai iya buɗe hankalinsu da zurfafa alaƙarsu da duniyar ruhu. Ba duk tafiye-tafiye ba daidai ba ne, ko da yake - idan kuna sipping ayahuasca, girman ku na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i biyu. Amma idan kuna cin DMT, wannan buzz ɗin zai wuce ƙasa da mintuna 20.

Duk da haka, komai tsayin tsayin daka, classic psychedelics suna da ƙarfi. Nazarin hoto na kwakwalwa ya nuna cewa dukkanin kwayoyi hudu suna da tasiri mai zurfi akan ayyukan jijiyoyi. Ayyukan kwakwalwa ba su da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa yayin da suke ƙarƙashin tasiri, wanda ke nufin za ku iya jin daɗi. Kuma cibiyoyin sadarwar da ke cikin kwakwalwar ku sun fi haɗin kai, wanda ke ba da damar mafi girman yanayin hankali da tunani.

Wadannan fa'idodin tunani sun haifar da masu bincike don ba da shawarar cewa masu tabin hankali na iya zama ingantattun jiyya na warkewa. A haƙiƙa, bincike da yawa sun gano cewa duka magungunan guda huɗu, ta wata hanya ko wata, suna da yuwuwar magance baƙin ciki, damuwa, rashin damuwa bayan tashin hankali, jaraba, da sauran yanayin lafiyar hankali. Ta hanyar buɗe hankali, ka'idar ta tafi, mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin rinjayar masu tabin hankali za su iya fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru na raɗaɗi ko halayen halakar kansu ba tare da kunya ko tsoro ba. Ba su da rauni a zuciya; maimakon haka, sun fi manufa.

Tabbas, waɗannan sinadarai ba sa rasa tasirinsu. Amma bincike na yanzu aƙalla ya nuna cewa ayahuasca, DMT, MDMA, da namomin kaza na psilocybin suna da yuwuwar canza yadda likitoci zasu iya magance tabin hankali - musamman ga waɗanda ke da juriya. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai zurfi don fahimtar ainihin tasirin su akan kwakwalwar ɗan adam, amma abin da muka sani yanzu yana da aƙalla ƙwaƙƙwara. Anan, duba yadda kowane magani ke shafar kwakwalwar ku - da kuma yadda ake amfani da wannan don amfanin mu.

Ayahuasca
Ayahuasca tsohon shayi ne mai tushen tsiro wanda aka samu daga haɗin inabin Banisteriopsis caapi da ganyen shuka psychotria Viridis Shamans a cikin Amazon sun daɗe suna amfani da ayahuasca don warkar da rashin lafiya da shiga cikin duniyar ruhaniya. Wasu ƙungiyoyin addinai a Brazil suna cinye kayan marmari na hallucinogenic azaman sacrament na addini. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, jama'a na yau da kullum sun fara amfani da ayahuasca don ƙarin fahimtar kai.

Wannan saboda binciken kwakwalwa ya nuna cewa ayahuasca yana ƙara yawan ayyukan jijiyoyi a cikin ƙwayar gani na kwakwalwa, da kuma tsarin limbic - yanki mai zurfi a cikin tsakiyar lobe na wucin gadi wanda ke da alhakin sarrafa tunani da motsin rai. Hakanan Ayahuasca na iya yin shiru da tsarin hanyar sadarwa na kwakwalwa, wanda, lokacin da ya wuce gona da iri, yana haifar da damuwa, damuwa da fargabar zamantakewa. bisa ga bidiyon da aka fitar a shekarar da ta gabata ta tashar YouTube ta AsapSCIENCE. Wadanda suke cinye shi sun ƙare a cikin yanayin tunani.

Dokta Jordi Riba, babban mai binciken ayahuasca ya ce: "Ayahuasca yana haifar da yanayin wayewar kai wanda mutane ke da gogewa mai ma'ana sosai." "Ya zama ruwan dare don samun abubuwan da ke tattare da motsin rai, abubuwan tunawa da ke zuwa cikin ido ta hanyar hangen nesa, ba kamar waɗanda muke fuskanta yayin barci ba."

A cewar Riba, mutanen da suke amfani da ayahuasca suna fuskantar balaguron balaguron da zai iya zama "mai tsanani" dangane da adadin da aka cinye. Tasirin tunanin mutum yana zuwa bayan kimanin mintuna 45 kuma ya kai ga kololuwar su cikin sa'a daya ko biyu; a zahiri, mafi munin da mutum zai ji shi ne tashin zuciya da amai, in ji Riba. Ba kamar LSD ko namomin kaza na psilocybin ba, mutanen da ke kan ayahuasca suna da cikakkiyar masaniya cewa suna hallucinating. Wannan bala'i na son kai ne ya sa mutane suka yi amfani da ayahuasca a matsayin hanyar shawo kan jaraba da fuskantar matsaloli masu ban tsoro. Riba da ƙungiyarsa na bincike a Asibiti do Sant Pau a Barcelona, ​​​​Spain, sun kuma fara "gwajin gwaji mai tsanani" ta hanyar amfani da ayahuasca don magance damuwa; ya zuwa yanzu, an nuna magungunan da ake amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire don rage alamun damuwa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke jure wa jiyya, da kuma samar da "launi mai mahimmanci wanda ake kiyayewa har tsawon makonni," in ji Riba, wanda ya yi nazarin maganin tare da goyon baya daga Beckley. Foundation, cibiyar tunani na tushen Burtaniya. 

A halin yanzu ƙungiyarsa tana nazarin yanayin tasirin ayahuasca na gaba - abin da suka kira "bayan-haske." Ya zuwa yanzu, sun gano cewa, a wannan lokacin “bayan-haske”, yankunan kwakwalwar da ke da alaƙa da kai-da-kai suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da sauran wuraren da ke sarrafa abubuwan tunawa da motsin rai. A cewar Riba, a wannan lokacin ne hankali ya fi buɗewa don shiga tsakani na psychotherapeutic, don haka ƙungiyar masu bincike suna aiki don haɗa ƙaramin adadin zaman ayahuasca cikin tunani mai hankali.

"Wadannan sauye-sauyen aikin suna da alaƙa da haɓaka iyawar 'tunanin'," in ji Riba. "Mun yi imanin cewa haɗin kai tsakanin ƙwarewar ayahuasca da horar da hankali za su bunkasa yawan nasarar da ake samu na sa baki na psychotherapeutic."

DMT
Ayahuasca da fili N, N-Dimethyltryptamine- ko DMT - suna da alaƙa sosai. DMT yana cikin ganyen shuka psychotria Viridis kuma yana da alhakin abubuwan gani na ayahuasca masu amfani. DMT yana kusa da tsarin melatonin da serotonin kuma yana da kaddarorin kama da mahaɗan mahaɗan da aka samu a cikin namomin sihiri da LSD.

Idan an sha da baki, DMT ba shi da wani tasiri na gaske akan jiki saboda enzymes na ciki ya rushe fili nan da nan. Amma da Banisteriopsis caapi Itacen inabi da ake amfani da su a ayahuasca suna toshe waɗancan enzymes, suna haifar da DMT shiga cikin jinin ku kuma suyi tafiya zuwa kwakwalwar ku. DMT, kamar sauran magungunan kwakwalwa na yau da kullun, yana shafar masu karɓar serotonin na kwakwalwa, wanda bincike ya nuna canza motsin rai, hangen nesa, da ma'anar mutuncin jiki. A wasu kalmomi: kuna kan tafiya ɗaya jahannama.

Yawancin abin da aka sani game da DMT godiya ne ga Dokta Rick Strassman, wanda ya fara buga bincike mai zurfi game da maganin ƙwaƙwalwa. shekaru biyu da suka gabata. A cewar Strassman, DMT daya ne daga cikin mahadi guda daya tilo da ke iya ketare shingen kwakwalwar jini – bangon membran da ke raba jini mai yawo da ruwan kwakwalwa a cikin tsarin jijiya ta tsakiya. Ƙarfin DMT na ketare waɗannan rarrabuwa yana nufin fili "ya bayyana ya zama wani muhimmin bangaren ilimin halittar kwakwalwa na al'ada," in ji Strassman, marubucin litattafai masu mahimmanci guda biyu a kan psychedelic, DMT: Kwayoyin Ruhu da kuma DMT da Ruhin Annabci.

"Kwakwawalwa tana kawo abubuwa ne kawai a cikin iyakokinta ta amfani da makamashi don samun abubuwa ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa don gina jiki, wanda ba zai iya yin shi da kansa ba - abubuwa kamar sukarin jini ko glucose," in ji shi. "DMT na musamman ne ta wannan hanyar, ta yadda kwakwalwa ke kashe kuzari don shigar da ita cikin iyakokinta."

DMT a zahiri yana faruwa a cikin jikin mutum kuma yana cikin huhu musamman. Strassman ya ce ana iya samunsa kuma a cikin pineal gland - ƙaramin ɓangaren kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da "ido na uku." Sakamakon DMT mai yawan aiki, lokacin da aka sha ta ayahuasca, na iya wucewa na sa'o'i. Amma dauka da kansa - wato, shan taba ko allura - kuma girman ku yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai, a cewar Strassman.

Ko da yake takaice, tafiya daga DMT na iya zama mai tsanani, fiye da sauran masu ilimin hauka, in ji Strassman. Masu amfani a kan DMT sun ba da rahoton irin abubuwan da suka faru ga na ayahuasca: Mafi girman ma'anar kai, hotuna masu haske da sautuna, da zurfin zurfafa tunani. A baya, Strassman ya ba da shawarar DMT da za a yi amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin warkewa don magance damuwa, damuwa, da sauran yanayin lafiyar hankali, da kuma taimako tare da haɓaka kai da ganowa. Amma nazarin DMT a zahiri yana da ƙarancin gaske, don haka yana da wuya a san cikakken fa'idodin warkewa.

"Babu wani bincike da yawa tare da DMT kuma ya kamata a kara yin nazari," in ji Strassman.

MDMA
Ba kamar DMT ba, MDMA ba mahaukaci ba ne da ke faruwa a zahiri. Maganin - in ba haka ba ana kiransa molly ko ecstasy - wani nau'in haɗin gwiwar roba ne wanda ya shahara tsakanin 'yan ravers da yara kulob. Mutane na iya buga MDMA azaman capsule, kwamfutar hannu, ko kwaya. Magungunan (wani lokaci ana kiransa ecstasy ko molly) yana haifar da sakin maɓalli masu mahimmanci guda uku: serotonin, dopamine, da norepinephrine. Maganin roba kuma yana ƙara matakan hormones oxytocin da prolactin, wanda ke haifar da jin daɗin euphoria kuma ba a hana shi ba. Mafi mahimmancin tasirin MDMA shine sakin serotonin a cikin adadi mai yawa, wanda ke zubar da wadatar kwakwalwa - wanda zai iya nufin kwanakin damuwa bayan amfani da shi.

Hoton kwakwalwa ya kuma nuna cewa MDMA yana haifar da raguwar aiki a cikin amygdala - yankin kwakwalwa mai siffar almond wanda ke fahimtar barazana da tsoro - da kuma karuwa a cikin cortex na prefrontal, wanda ake la'akari da cibiyar sarrafa kwakwalwa mafi girma. Ci gaba da bincike kan magungunan kwakwalwa da kuma tasirin hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi daban-daban sun kuma gano cewa MDMA tana ba da damar samun ƙarin sassauci a cikin aikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke nufin mutanen da ke yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya tace motsin rai da halayen ba tare da “maƙe su cikin tsoffin hanyoyin sarrafawa ba,” a cewar Dr. Michael Mithoefer, wanda yayi karatun MDMA sosai.

"Mutane ba su da yuwuwar damuwa da damuwa kuma sun fi iya aiwatar da gogewa… ba tare da rashin jin daɗi ba," in ji shi.

A bara, Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta ba wa masu bincike izinin ci gaba tare da tsare-tsare na babban gwaji na asibiti don bincika tasirin amfani da MDMA a matsayin magani ga cututtukan cututtukan da ke biyo baya (PTSD). Mithoefer ya kula da gwaji na kashi-biyu - wanda ungiyar Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) ta goyi bayan, wata ƙungiya ce ta Amurka wacce aka kafa a tsakiyar 1980s - wacce ta sanar da shawarar FDA. A yayin binciken, mutanen da ke zaune tare da PTSD sun iya magance raunin su ba tare da janyewa daga motsin zuciyar su ba yayin da suke ƙarƙashin rinjayar MDMA saboda hadaddun hulɗar tsakanin amygdala da prefrontal cortex. Tun da kashi na biyu na gwaji ya sami sakamako mai ƙarfi. Mithoefer ya fada Rolling Stone a watan Disamba cewa yana tsammanin FDA ta amince da tsarin gwaji na uku a farkon wannan shekara.

Yayin da bincike kan amfani da MDMA don maganin PTSD yana da ban sha'awa, Mithoefer yayi gargadin cewa kada a yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a waje da yanayin warkewa, yayin da yake tayar da hawan jini, zafin jiki, da bugun jini, kuma yana haifar da tashin zuciya, tashin hankali na tsoka, yawan ci, gumi, sanyi. , da duhun gani. MDMA kuma na iya haifar da bushewa, gazawar zuciya, gazawar koda, da bugun zuciya mara kyau. Idan wani a kan MDMA bai sha isasshen ruwa ba ko kuma yana da yanayin rashin lafiya, illar da ke tattare da ita na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa.

Psilocybin namomin kaza
Namomin kaza ne wani psychedelic tare da dogon tarihin amfani da shi a cikin kiwon lafiya da bukukuwan warkaswa, musamman a Gabashin duniya. Mutanen da ke yin tsintsiya madaurinki-daki za su fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a cikin sa'a guda na cin abinci, godiya ga rugujewar jiki na psilocybin, sinadarin da ke faruwa a zahiri a cikin nau'in namomin kaza sama da 200.

Bincike daga Kwalejin Imperial London, wanda aka buga a cikin 2014, ya gano cewa psilocybin, mai karɓar mai karɓa na serotonin, yana haifar da sadarwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda yawanci ba su da alaƙa da juna. Masana kimiyya da ke nazarin binciken kwakwalwar fMRI na mutanen da suka ci psilocybin da mutanen da suka dauki placebo sun gano cewa namomin kaza suna haifar da wani nau'in haɗin kai daban-daban a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke kawai a cikin yanayin hallucinogenic. A cikin wannan yanayin, aikin kwakwalwa tare da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa da ƙarin hulɗa; a cewar masu bincike daga Imperial College London, irin wannan nau'in aikin kwakwalwa da ke haifar da psilocybin yayi kama da abin da aka gani tare da mafarki da haɓakar motsin rai.

"Wadannan haɗin kai masu ƙarfi suna da alhakin haifar da yanayi daban-daban na hankali," in ji Dokta Paul Expert, mai ilimin hanyoyin da ilimin kimiyya wanda ya yi aiki a kan nazarin Kwalejin Imperial College London. "Magungunan ƙwaƙwalwa hanya ce mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ta fahimtar aikin kwakwalwa ta al'ada."

Binciken da ke fitowa na iya tabbatar da namomin sihiri suna da tasiri wajen magance bakin ciki da sauran yanayin lafiyar hankali. Kamar ayahuasca, binciken kwakwalwa ya nuna cewa psilocybin na iya hana aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta tsohowar yanayin kwakwalwa, kuma mutanen da ke yin tsintsiya madaurinki daya sun ba da rahoton fuskantar "mafi girman farin ciki da na duniya," in ji Masanin. Don haka, a binciken da aka buga a bara a cikin mujallar likitancin Burtaniya The Lancet gano cewa yawan adadin namomin kaza ya rage alamun damuwa a cikin marasa lafiya masu jurewa magani.

Wancan binciken ya lura cewa psilocybin na iya yuwuwar magance tashin hankali, jaraba, da rikice-rikice masu ruɗi saboda abubuwan haɓaka yanayi. Kuma wani bincike ya gano hakan psilocybin na iya rage martanin tsoro a cikin mice, yana nuna yuwuwar miyagun ƙwayoyi azaman magani ga PTSD.

Duk da waɗannan tabbataccen binciken, bincike akan masu ilimin hauka yana da iyaka, kuma yana cinye namomin kaza na sihiri ya zo tare da wasu kasada. Mutanen da ke yin ɓarna a kan psilocybin na iya fuskantar paranoia ko kuma asara gabaɗaya ta ainihin kai, wanda aka sani da rushewar kuɗi, a cewar Masanin. Martaninsu ga maganin hallucinogenic shima zai dogara ne akan yanayinsu na zahiri da tunani. Ya kamata a cinye namomin kaza na sihiri tare da taka tsantsan saboda sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau akan mai amfani zai iya zama "mai zurfi (kuma ba a sarrafa shi) kuma mai dorewa," in ji Masanin. "Ba mu da gaske fahimtar tsarin da ke bayan tasirin fahimi na masu tabin hankali, don haka ba za mu iya sarrafa kashi 100 cikin XNUMX na kwarewar kwakwalwa ba." 

Gyara: An sabunta wannan labarin don fayyace hakan Aikin Dokta Jordi Riba yana samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Beckley, ba MAPS ba.