Zotsatira za Mankhwala a Bowa pa Ubongo

Zilubwelubwe. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino. Zomveka kwambiri. Kudzizindikira kwakukulu.

Izi ndi zotsatira zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala anayi otchuka kwambiri a psychedelic. Ayahuasca, DMT, MDMA, ndi bowa wa psilocybin onse amatha kutenga ogwiritsa ntchito ulendo wopita kutchire womwe ungatsegule malingaliro awo ndikuzama kugwirizana kwawo ndi dziko la mizimu. Sikuti maulendo onse amapangidwa ofanana, ngakhale - ngati mukumwa ayahuasca, kukwera kwanu kumatha kutha maola angapo. Koma ngati mukudya DMT, phokosolo likhala pansi pa mphindi 20.

Komabe, ziribe kanthu kutalika kwapamwamba, classic psychedelics ndi amphamvu. Kafukufuku wojambula muubongo wasonyeza kuti mankhwala onse anayi ali ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa zochitika za ubongo. Ubongo umagwira ntchito mocheperapo pamene ukukhudzidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mumatha kutengeka. Ndipo maukonde muubongo wanu ndi olumikizidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chambiri komanso kuzindikira.

Zopindulitsa zamaganizidwe izi zapangitsa ofufuza kunena kuti ma psychedelics atha kukhala machiritso othandiza. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wambiri wapeza kuti mankhwala onse anayi, mwa njira imodzi kapena ina, amatha kuchiza kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa, kuledzera, ndi matenda ena a maganizo. Potsegula malingaliro, chiphunzitsocho chimapita, anthu okhudzidwa ndi psychedelics amatha kukumana ndi zowawa zawo zakale kapena khalidwe lodziwononga popanda manyazi kapena mantha. Iwo sali dzanzi mmalingaliro; m'malo, iwo ali kutali kwambiri zolinga.

Zoonadi, zinthuzi sizikhala ndi zotsatira zake. Koma kafukufuku wamakono osachepera akusonyeza kuti ayahuasca, DMT, MDMA, ndi bowa wa psilocybin ali ndi kuthekera kosintha momwe madokotala angathandizire matenda a maganizo - makamaka kwa omwe samva chithandizo. Maphunziro ozama kwambiri amafunikira kuti amvetsetse zotsatira zake zenizeni pa ubongo waumunthu, koma zomwe tikudziwa tsopano ndizolonjeza. Apa, onani momwe mankhwala aliwonse amakhudzira ubongo wanu - komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti tipindule.

Ayahuasca
Ayahuasca ndi tiyi yakale yochokera ku chomera chochokera ku kuphatikiza kwa mpesa Banisteriopsis caapi ndi masamba a mmerawo psychotria Viridis. A Shaman ku Amazon akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca kuchiza matenda ndikulowa mudziko lauzimu. Zipembedzo zina ku Brazil zimamwa moŵa wa hallucinogenic monga sakramenti lachipembedzo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu okhazikika ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca kuti adziwe zambiri.

Ndi chifukwa chakuti jambulani ubongo wasonyeza kuti ayahuasca kumawonjezera minyewa ntchito mu ubongo zithunzi cortex, komanso limbic dongosolo - dera mkati mwa medial temporal lobe amene ali ndi udindo processing kukumbukira ndi maganizo. Ayahuasca imathanso kukhazika mtima pansi ma network osasinthika a muubongo, omwe, akamachulukirachulukira, amayambitsa kukhumudwa, nkhawa komanso mantha ocheza nawo, malinga ndi kanema yemwe adatulutsidwa chaka chatha ndi njira ya YouTube AsapSCIENCE. Amene amadya amatha kusinkhasinkha.

"Ayahuasca imapangitsa kuti anthu azidziwikiratu nthawi yomwe anthu amakhala ndi zochitika zenizeni," akutero Dr. Jordi Riba, wofufuza wamkulu wa ayahuasca. “N’zofala kukhala ndi zikumbukiro zolemetsedwa, zolongosoledwa m’maganizo ndi m’maganizo mwa masomphenya, osati zosiyana ndi zimene timakumana nazo tikagona.”

Malingana ndi Riba, anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca amakumana ndi ulendo womwe ukhoza kukhala "wamphamvu kwambiri" malinga ndi mlingo womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zamaganizidwe zimabwera pambuyo pa mphindi 45 ndikugunda pachimake mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri; pathupi, choyipa kwambiri chomwe munthu angamve ndi nseru ndi kusanza, Riba akuti. Mosiyana ndi bowa wa LSD kapena psilocybin, anthu omwe ali pamwamba pa ayahuasca amadziwa bwino kuti akuyerekezera. Kudzidzidzimutsa kumeneku ndikomwe kwapangitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca ngati njira yothanirana ndi zizolowezi ndikukumana ndi zovuta zowopsa. Riba ndi gulu lake lofufuza ku Hospital do Sant Pau ku Barcelona, Spain, ayambanso "mayesero ovuta a zachipatala" pogwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca pofuna kuchiza kuvutika maganizo; mpaka pano, mankhwala opangidwa ndi zomera asonyezedwa kuti achepetse zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso kupanga "zotsatira zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimasungidwa kwa milungu ingapo," akutero Riba, yemwe adaphunzira mankhwalawa mothandizidwa ndi Beckley. Foundation, gulu loganiza lochokera ku UK.

Gulu lake pakali pano likuphunzira za zotsatira za ayahuasca - zomwe adazitcha "kuwala pambuyo." Pakadali pano, apeza kuti, panthawi ya "kuwala" kwakanthawi, zigawo zaubongo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudzimva zili ndi kulumikizana kwamphamvu kumadera ena omwe amawongolera kukumbukira komanso kutengeka. Malingana ndi Riba, ndi nthawi yomwe malingaliro amatseguka kuti athandizidwe ndi psychotherapeutic, kotero gulu lofufuza likugwira ntchito kuti liphatikizepo magawo ang'onoang'ono a ayahuasca mu mindfulness psychotherapy.

"Zosintha izi zimayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa 'kulingalira'," akutero Riba. "Timakhulupirira kuti mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika za ayahuasca ndi maphunziro oganiza bwino zidzalimbikitsa kupambana kwa psychotherapeutic intervention."

Zithunzi za DMT — Zotsatira za Mankhwala a Bowa pa Ubongo 1

DMT
Ayahuasca and the compound N, N-Dimethyltryptamine - kapena DMT - zimagwirizana kwambiri. DMT imapezeka m'masamba a mmera psychotria Viridis ndipo amayang'anira kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ayahuasca. DMT ili pafupi kwambiri ndi melatonin ndi serotonin ndipo ili ndi katundu wofanana ndi mankhwala a psychedelic omwe amapezeka mu bowa wamatsenga ndi LSD.

Ngati atengedwa pakamwa, DMT ilibe zotsatira zenizeni pa thupi chifukwa michere ya m'mimba imaphwanya pawiri nthawi yomweyo. Koma a Banisteriopsis caapi mipesa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ayahuasca imalepheretsa ma enzymes, zomwe zimapangitsa DMT kulowa m'magazi anu ndikupita ku ubongo wanu. DMT, monga mankhwala ena apamwamba a psychedelic, imakhudza ma serotonin receptors muubongo, zomwe kafukufuku akuwonetsa kusintha kamvedwe, kawonedwe, ndi kukhulupirika kwa thupi. Mwa kuyankhula kwina: muli paulendo umodzi wa gehena.

Zambiri zomwe zimadziwika za DMT ndi chifukwa cha Dr. Rick Strassman, yemwe poyamba adafalitsa kafukufuku wochititsa chidwi pa mankhwala a psychedelic. zaka makumi awiri zapitazo. Malinga ndi Strassman, DMT ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatha kuwoloka chotchinga chamagazi-ubongo - khoma la nembanemba lomwe limalekanitsa magazi ozungulira kuchokera ku ubongo wa extracellular fluid m'kati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje. Kuthekera kwa DMT kuwoloka magawowa kumatanthauza kuti gawoli "likuwoneka kuti ndi gawo lofunikira la physiology yaubongo," akutero Strassman, mlembi wa mabuku awiri ofunikira pa psychedelic, DMT: Molekuli ya Mzimu ndi DMT ndi Soul of Prophecy.

"Ubongo umangobweretsa zinthu m'mitsempha yake pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti udutse zinthu zotchinga m'magazi-ubongo kuti ukhale ndi zakudya, zomwe sungathe kuzipanga zokha - zinthu monga shuga kapena shuga," adatero. "DMT ndi yapadera mwanjira imeneyi, chifukwa ubongo umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ulowe m'malo ake."

DMT imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu ndipo imapezeka makamaka m'mapapo. Strassman akuti ikhoza kupezekanso mu pineal gland - gawo laling'ono la ubongo lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi "diso lachitatu" lamalingaliro. Zotsatira za DMT yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ikalowetsedwa kudzera pa ayahuasca, imatha maola ambiri. Koma kutengedwa paokha - ndiko, kusuta kapena jekeseni - ndipo kukwera kwanu kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe, malinga ndi Strassman.

Ngakhale kuti ndi lalifupi, ulendo wochokera ku DMT ukhoza kukhala wamphamvu, kuposa ena a psychedelics, Strassman akuti. Ogwiritsa ntchito pa DMT afotokoza zochitika zofanana ndi za ayahuasca: Kudzimva kwakukulu, zithunzi zomveka bwino ndi zomveka, komanso kuwunikira mozama. M'mbuyomu, Strassman adanenanso kuti DMT iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chothandizira kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi matenda ena amisala, komanso kuthandizira pakudzikweza ndi kupeza. Koma maphunziro a DMT ndi osowa, kotero ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mapindu ake achire.

"Palibe kafukufuku wambiri ndi DMT ndipo akuyenera kuphunziridwa mochulukirapo," akutero Strassman.

MDMA
Mosiyana ndi DMT, MDMA si psychedelic yochitika mwachilengedwe. Mankhwalawa - omwe amatchedwa molly kapena ecstasy - ndi mankhwala opangira ma raver ndi ana a makalabu. Anthu amatha kutulutsa MDMA ngati kapisozi, piritsi, kapena piritsi. Mankhwalawa (omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa ecstasy kapena molly) amayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ma neurotransmitters atatu ofunika kwambiri: serotonin, dopamine, ndi norepinephrine. Mankhwala opangidwawo amawonjezeranso milingo ya mahomoni oxytocin ndi prolactin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azisangalala komanso kuti azikhala osadziletsa. Chofunikira kwambiri cha MDMA ndikutulutsa kwa serotonin yochulukirapo, yomwe imatulutsa mphamvu muubongo - zomwe zingatanthauze masiku akukhumudwa pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kujambula kwaubongo kwawonetsanso kuti MDMA imayambitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito mu amygdala - dera lopangidwa ndi amondi laubongo lomwe limawona zowopseza ndi mantha - komanso kuwonjezeka kwa prefrontal cortex, yomwe imatengedwa kuti ndi malo apamwamba opangira ubongo. Kafukufuku wopitilira pamankhwala a psychedelic ndi zotsatira zake pa maukonde osiyanasiyana a neural apezanso kuti MDMA imalola kusinthasintha kwaubongo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amapunthwa pamankhwala amatha kusefa malingaliro ndi machitidwe popanda "kukakamira m'njira zakale," malinga ndi Dr. Michael Mithoefer, yemwe waphunzira MDMA kwambiri.

Iye anati: “Anthu sakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri ndipo samatha kuchita zinthu zina zowachitikira popanda kuchita dzanzi.

Chaka chatha, bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration linapereka chilolezo kwa ofufuza kuti apite patsogolo ndi mapulani a mayesero aakulu azachipatala kuti awone zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito MDMA monga chithandizo cha post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mithoefer adayang'anira mayesero a gawo lachiwiri - mothandizidwa ndi Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), bungwe lopanda phindu la ku America lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 - zomwe zinadziwitsa chisankho cha FDA. Phunziroli, anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD adatha kuthana ndi zowawa zawo popanda kuchoka ku malingaliro awo pamene akukhudzidwa ndi MDMA chifukwa cha kugwirizana kovuta pakati pa amygdala ndi prefrontal cortex. Popeza mayesero a gawo lachiwiri anali ndi zotsatira zamphamvu, Mithoefer anatero Stone Rolling mu Disembala kuti akuyembekeza kuti FDA ivomereza mapulani a gawo lachitatu kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MDMA pa chithandizo cha PTSD akulonjeza, Mithoefer akuchenjeza kuti mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwe ntchito kunja kwa malo ochiritsira, chifukwa amakweza kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutentha kwa thupi, ndi kugunda, ndipo amachititsa nseru, kupsinjika kwa minofu, kuwonjezeka kwa njala, thukuta, kuzizira. , ndi kusaona bwino. MDMA ingayambitsenso kutaya madzi m'thupi, kulephera kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha. Ngati wina pa MDMA samwa madzi okwanira kapena ali ndi vuto la thanzi, zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa.

Bowa wa Psilocybin
Bowa ndi china psychedelic yokhala ndi mbiri yayitali yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazaumoyo ndi machiritso, makamaka kumayiko akum'mawa. Anthu opunthwa pa 'shrooms amawona ziwonetsero zowoneka bwino pakangotha ola limodzi atamwa, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thupi kwa psilocybin, chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe mumitundu yopitilira 200 ya bowa.

Kafukufuku wochokera ku Imperial College London, lofalitsidwa mu 2014, linapeza kuti psilocybin, serotonin receptor, imayambitsa kulankhulana kwamphamvu pakati pa mbali za ubongo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa. Asayansi akuwunikanso ma scan a muubongo a fMRI a anthu omwe adamwa psilocybin ndi anthu omwe adamwa placebo adapeza kuti bowa wamatsenga amayambitsa njira yolumikizirana muubongo yomwe imangopezeka mu hallucinogenic state. Munthawi imeneyi, ubongo umagwira ntchito mosavutikira komanso kulumikizana kwambiri; malinga ndi ofufuza ochokera ku Imperial College London, mtundu uwu wa ntchito yaubongo yopangidwa ndi psilocybin ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa ndi kulota komanso kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

"Malumikizidwe amphamvuwa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidziwitso chosiyana," akutero Dr. Paul Katswiri, wodziwa njira komanso wasayansi yemwe amagwira ntchito pa kafukufuku wa Imperial College London. Mankhwala a Psychedelic ndi njira yamphamvu kwambiri yomvetsetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito.

Kafukufuku yemwe akubwera atha kutsimikizira kuti bowa wamatsenga ndi wothandiza pochiza kukhumudwa komanso zovuta zina zamaganizidwe. Monga ayahuasca, mawonekedwe a ubongo awonetsa kuti psilocybin imatha kupondereza ntchito muubongo wosasinthika, ndipo anthu omwe amapunthwa pa 'shrooms akuti akukumana ndi "chisangalalo chambiri komanso kukhala adziko lapansi," malinga ndi Katswiri. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, a Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa chaka chatha mu magazini yachipatala yaku UK Lancet adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa bowa kumachepetsa kukhumudwa kwa odwala omwe samva chithandizo.

Kafukufuku yemweyo adawonanso kuti psilocybin imatha kuthana ndi nkhawa, kuledzera, komanso vuto lokakamiza kwambiri chifukwa cha zomwe zimakweza malingaliro. Ndipo kafukufuku wina wapeza zimenezo psilocybin imatha kuchepetsa kuyankha kwa mantha mu mbewa, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa mankhwalawa ngati chithandizo cha PTSD.

Ngakhale izi zapeza zabwino, kafukufuku wa psychedelics ndi ochepa, komanso kudya bowa wamatsenga amabwera ndi zoopsa zina. Anthu opunthwa pa psilocybin amatha kukhala ndi paranoia kapena kutaya kwathunthu kudzizindikiritsa, komwe kumadziwika kuti kutha kwa ego, malinga ndi Katswiri. Kuyankha kwawo ku mankhwala a hallucinogenic kudzadaliranso malo awo akuthupi ndi amaganizo. Bowa wamatsenga ayenera kudyedwa mosamala chifukwa zotsatira zabwino kapena zoipa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zikhoza kukhala "zakuya (ndi zosalamulirika) komanso zokhalitsa," akutero Katswiri. "Sitikumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa chidziwitso cha psychedelics, motero sitingathe 100 peresenti kuwongolera zochitika za psychedelic."

Kuwongolera: Nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kuti imveke bwino Ntchito ya Dr. Jordi Riba imathandizidwa ndi Beckley Foundation, osati MAPS.